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The Populists

The Populists. Part I. SCH Ch. 16. The Bourbon Democrats. Wade Hampton is elected Governor – 1876 Former Confederate General Did not believe in social equality Believed in political equality Conservatives/Democrats back in power State budget was cut/low taxes

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The Populists

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  1. The Populists Part I. SCH Ch. 16

  2. The Bourbon Democrats • Wade Hampton is elected Governor – 1876 • Former Confederate General • Did not believe in social equality • Believed in political equality • Conservatives/Democrats back in power • State budget was cut/low taxes • Interested in bringing back (redeeming) the old south

  3. Industry in SC • Cotton prices fell • Textile Mills were built because of… • cheap labor and no labor unions • Mills moved south • Cotton seed oil, Phosphates (fertilizer), and Lumber became big industries

  4. Voting Rights • The Eight Box law and Poll taxes were used by Democrats to disfranchise blacks • Gerrymandering was used to draw one congressional district where blacks had the majority • Women begin to push for suffrage but SC doesn’t support it

  5. The Populists Part II. SCH Ch. 16

  6. The Farmers • Small farmers were in debt due to Crop Lien laws – bank owned crop • Cotton prices fell due to foreign competition • Farmers in debt planted even more cotton (they thought it meant more $$$) • Farmers couldn’t pay taxes – foreclosure • Army worms and Boll Weevils ate cotton

  7. The Farmers • The Grange – farmers got together to talk about issues • The Farmer’s Alliances – 1880s wanted to change the money supply • 1890s Populists Party (small farmers) organized to deal with issues

  8. Populist Party • Supported banking, railroads, federal farm loans, secret ballot, graduated income tax • Also, 8 hour work day and restrict immigration

  9. Ben Tillman • Gov. 1890-1894 then elected US Senator in 1894 • Platform was based on racism & white supremacy • Violence and lynching occurred – Blacks were intimidated

  10. Clemson College 1889 • Tillmanites vs. Conservatives (Bourbons) • No agricultural college in SC • Thomas G. Clemson (John C. Calhoun’s son-in-law) gave land for a land grant college • Taught crop management • 1895 creates Winthrop

  11. The Temperance Movement • Some wanted total prohibition/Tillman did not • Push to outlaw alcohol ended with Tillman giving control of sales to the SC Dispensary

  12. Constitution of 1895 • Tillman wanted to replace 1868 Const. • It established… • poll tax to be paid 6 months in advance of election • Separate schools for blacks and whites • Jim Crow laws

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