Manifest Destiny

1. Manifest Destiny

2. Causes and Effects of Manifest Destiny

3. United StatesTerritorial Acquisition Map

4. What is Manifest Destiny? • The belief that the United States was destined by God to expand throughout the Continent.

5. What was the Northwest Ordinance? • Passed in 1787 and set up an orderly way for western lands to become states.

6. How did the Northwest Ordinance allow territories to become states? • When the population reached 5,000 the settlers could elect their own legislature and become a territory. • When the population reached 60,000 they could apply for full statehood.

7. Why did the United States grow westward? • Americans wanted land. • Americans wanted gold. • White Americans felt superior to Native Americans, Mexicans, British, etc. (Racism).

8. What were the economic causes of Manifest Destiny? • Cheap land so that families could farm for themselves. • Opportunities to start businesses. • Maybe get rich quick with gold.

9. What were the social causes of Manifest Destiny? • Racism. • The belief that one race is better than others.

10. What were the political causes of Manifest Destiny? • As American territories grew westward, States had to decide to be free or slave. • People moved to turn states free or slave.

11. What were the effects of Manifest Destiny? • The United States got bigger. • Native Americans and Mexicans lost territory. • The United States became an emerging world power.

12. The U.S. Mexican War

13. What was the Texas Revolution? • Texas was a part of Mexico but revolted and became its own country in 1836. • Texas wanted to be annexed (become a state) for safety and money reasons.

14. Why was Texas Annexation controversial? • Texas was annexed (admitted as a state) in 1845. • Mexico was upset because they felt Texas still belonged to them.

15. What border issue led to the U.S. Mexican War? • Mexico and the United States disagreed about their border (Nueces River v. Rio Grande). • The Mexican and U.S. army fought in conflicted area and the U.S. Mexican War began.

17. Why is the U.S. Mexican War seen as a “War of Northern Aggression”? • The U.S.-Mexican War was an attempt to gain more land. • The border fight was just an excuse for war.

18. What is the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo? • Treaty that ended the U.S. Mexican War in 1848. • The United States gained California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada (CANCUN).

19. What is the Mexican Cession? • The Mexican Cession are the lands that Mexico lost to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. • (CANCUN)=California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada

20. What was the Gadsden Purchase? • Land purchased in 1854 for 10 million dollars. • The land purchased allowed for a transcontinental railroad (across the nation).

21. Other Territorial Gains

22. What was the Louisiana Purchase? • 1803. Purchased from France for 15 million dollars. • Doubled the size of the United States.

23. How did the United States gain the Oregon Territory? • The Oregon Territory was established in a compromise with the British in 1846.

24. What was Seward’s Folly (Alaska)? • Alaska was purchased from Russia by William Seward for 7.2 million dollars. • In total it cost 2 cents per acre

25. Trails and Migration During Manifest Destiny

26. What was the Mormon Trail? • Mormons were being threatened for their religious ideas and traveled to Utah from Missouri and Illinois from 1846-1868.

27. Why is the Mormon Trail important? • Mormons used the trail to practice their religious freedom, just like the Puritans and Pilgrims. • Mormons turned Utah from a desert into a successful community.

28. Utah Before

29. Utah After

30. What was the Santa Fe Trail? • Route or road from Mexico City and Mississippi River that went through Santa Fe, New Mexico.

31. Why is the Santa Fe Trail important? • Important for trade, used as the invasion route for the U.S. during the U.S.-Mexican War.

32. What was the Oregon Trail? • Trail used from 1811 until the 1890’s. • Trail was from the Mississippi River to Oregon.

33. Why is the Oregon Trail important? • Over 400,000 used the trail and it helped populate the west of the United States.

34. Physical Geography and Manifest Destiny

35. What is Physical Geography? • The climate, soil, rivers, mountains, and vegetation of a place.

36. Why is the Mississippi River important? • The largest river in the United States. • The river is used for transportation and for farming.

38. Why are the Great Plains important? • Flat land without hills, mountains, and very few trees. • The water underneath the ground (aquifers) made the Great Plains great farmland.

40. Why are the Rocky Mountains important? • The highest mountains in the United States. • The Rockies are very hard to cross which made the U.S. buy the Gadsden Purchase.

42. Why was the Pacific Ocean important? • The largest Ocean in the world. • The Pacific Ocean was the goal destination of Manifest Destiny.

44. How did physical geography cause the California Gold Rush? • The gold in California brought thousands of people to the state. • First step in making California the most populous state in America.

45. Manifest Destiny and People

46. How did Manifest Destiny affect the lives of millions of people? • During Manifest Destiny, thousands of miles of land became American. • Some groups lost land, others gained land and opportunity. • Everyone’s life was changed.

47. How did Manifest Destiny affect Native Americans? • Native Americans lost most of their land during Manifest Destiny and were often moved to remote reservations.

48. How did Manifest Destiny affect Europeans? • Europeans from many countries, but mostly Irish, British, and Germans came to America looking for land, work, and religious freedom.

49. How were the Irish-Americans treated in America? • Irish Americans were discriminated against because they were Catholic and poor.

50. How were Asian-Americans treated in America? • Asian Americans were treated unfairly because of racism and they were seen as competition for work.