Chapter 31: New Nations

1. Chapter 31: New Nations After WWII more than 90 new nations gain their independence. What part(s) of the world do you think most new nations will emerge?

2. India and Pakistan • India Seeks independence • One problem: Two VERY different religions in India • British Fear Muslim Vs. Hindu violence • Muslim League demands creation of Pakistan

3. Another Problem….!!!! • Pakistan is divided into two countries (East and West) with India in the middle • East Pakistan inhabited by Bengalis • Feel they are being Neglected by West Pakistan

4. 2nd largest continent. 3 times the size of America Lots of natural resources – Diamonds, gold, etc. Many independent nations (map 1027) Very poor! Why? Africa

5. African Countries Struggle • Independent countries set up governments, work force, economies, and armies. • Problems • African economy owned by old Colonial (European) powers • All profits leaving the country

6. Israel • WWII-Jews need a homeland after the Holocaust • 1947-UN creates a plan to establish a Jewish Nation • Jews accept, Arabs refuse. • Jews call it Israel, Arabs Palestine.

8. Consequences US (the West) supports Israel Arab countries don’t like this OPEC-1973 Block oil shipments to the US to protest the support for Israel

13. Type Two • How would not having gasoline affect your life? What would you have to change or adjust in your day if you couldn’t drive a car, or get a ride in a car or bus? • Skip lines. • At least 8 lines.

14. Islam Vs. Modernism • Muslim countries are completely religious • Islamic faith = common law • Battle between being Westernized and staying traditional • Saudi Arabia • Sa’ud Royal family gets criticized for allowing western influence.

15. Chapter 32: Regional Conflicts

16. Conflicts • Intro page 1044. • “Many wars and conflicts in recent decades have arisen over ethnic or religious differences (or regional). Such difference have led to civil wars within nations.” • We will discuss several.

17. Ireland • 1922-Ireland Gains Freedom • But six counties vote to remain part of England • Protestant majority overwhelms Catholic Minority • Causes trouble between the two religions • IRA VS. Protestant Militias

18. Yugoslavia: 1990’s • Fall of Communist party leads to Independence Movement • Civil war leads to atrocities • Ethnic Cleansing • Used to eliminate Bosnians' and Croats from Bosnia

19. Africa is still having Problems • Apartheid = Discrimination • Angola fights for independence from Portugal • Receives freedom, but civil war begins for several years • Angolan leaders have ties with Soviet Union: Because of this, US supports Angolan rebels

20. War Causes Famine • Sudan/Ethiopia- Warring militias fight over political power in the country • Fighting goes on for long periods of time • Millions Die, many more are injured, and the conflict causes poor food distribution • Leads to Famine

21. Sudan • War continues with Arab Muslim majority ruling over the minority • 2004-Conflict in Darfurbecomes tense • Arab Muslims threaten to “eliminate” Non-Arab Muslims • Causes fear of Genocide

22. Israel….Again • Israel has always been a source on conflict • Jerusalem-Sacred city for both Jews and Muslims • Wars lead to new conflicts, and new conflicts, and so on • Peace talks break down-Syria and Israel • Over Golan Heights

23. Iraq Brings War to Many • Saddam Hussein takes power and rules as absolute dictator-Chemical weapons on the Kurds • Invades Iran in 1980-War last for 8 years, doesn’t work • Turns to Kuwait for Money/Oil • US leads coalition to drive Iraqi force out

24. Chapter 33: The Developing World

25. Developing Nations Struggle • Africa • Most countries struggle with their economies • Some countries want Socialism. Why? • Command Economies • Government owns Businesses

26. Cash Crops – Crops grown that are not food crops. You can not eat them! Find anyway to make a living Killing elephants because foreigners would buy tusks Africa

27. China • After WWII- China becomes Communist • One party rules over China-No votes, no political freedom • Tiananmen Square Massacre • Demonstration by Chinese students-Some are killed • Power over political freedom

28. Population Problems • China has over 1.3 Billion people-puts a strain on the economy • One Child Policy • Attempt to limit the population • Works well in the cities, • But farmers have lots of children to help work the land

29. South America Liberation Theology – Church movement to try and end poverty. Manuel Noriega arrested by invading U.S. troops for drug trafficking.

30. Chapter 34

31. Globalization • Process of societies and nations becoming integrated/united around the world. • What would be advantages to globalization (one world government, company, etc.)? What would be disadvantages?

32. Economic Interdependence. Outsourcing of jobs. Multinational corporations Global trade. Advantages? Disadvantages? Pg. 1104 Globalization

33. Today we have global issues and concerns all around the world, we will talk about these next. The World Today

34. Worldwide Problems • Poverty • Natural Disasters • Disease – Epidemic • Hunger – Famine • Refugees • Human Rights – women’s rights pg. 1109. • Environment

35. Acid Rain Deforestation Erosion Global Warming Environmental Problems

36. Weapons of Mass Destruction. Terrorism. Security

37. The End! It has been a great year. You survived World History!