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Development Appraisal Day 2 Exercises. Objectives. Identify sources of information for assumptions Build more detailed appraisals Understand about viability of different uses Understand complexity of real life development appraisals. Real life appraisals………… ……….they can get complicated!.
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Objectives Identify sources of information for assumptions Build more detailed appraisals Understand about viability of different uses Understand complexity of real life development appraisals
Real life appraisals………… ……….they can get complicated!
Appraisal Inputs Sources of information Employing the professionals Phoning the professionals Buy access to a database Published research Other sources
Appraisal Inputs Gross floorspace (GIA) • Gross site area • Net/gross site ratio • Site coverage • Density
Appraisal Inputs Net floorspace (NIA) • Typical values: • Houses: 100% • Flats: 85% • Offices : 85% • Retail: 95% • Industrial: 95%
Appraisal Inputs Value of floorspace
Appraisal Inputs Build costs • Depends on design & procurement • High = Grade A offices & high density flats say, £1,500psm • Low = Retail warehousing & industrial say, £500psm
Appraisal Inputs Site preparation & infrastructure • Earth moving/removal • Utilities • Highways • Demolition • Remediation • Flood protection etc
Appraisal Inputs Fees & marketing/sales Core development team & additional consultants: 10 – 20% of build costs Marketing: 2-3% of value Letting agent & legals: 10% & 5% of rent Sales agent & legals: 1% & 0.5% of value Other professionals
Appraisal Inputs Finance Costs • Proportion of development costs borrowed varies • Interest rate reflects: • Developer strength • Risk of development • Proportion of costs borrowed • Finance drawn down
Appraisal Inputs Other Costs • External works • Car Parking • Developer’s contingency • Code for Sustainable Homes • Developer Contribution
Appraisal Inputs Timing • Some receipts received before completion • Void on commercial space unless pre-let • Some costs are “upfront” • Build costs often assumed as “S Curve”
Development Appraisal Exercise Notional 1 hectare site in “typical” town
Development Appraisal Exercise Key questions: What is the net/gross site ratio & coverage? What is the development mix? What are the values/costs of the uses? How many storeys are the buildings? What are the site acquisition costs? What other development issues are there?
Development Appraisal Exercise Scenario 1: Office development Scenario 2: Residential & office development Scenario 3: Residential & retail development Scenario 4: Retail & leisure development