1 / 43

MINERALS

MINERALS. BIG Idea:. Minerals are an integral part of daily life. What exactly does ‘integral’ mean?. A mineral is a…. naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with a definite chemical composition and structure. There are over 3,000 known minerals on Earth

burgessm
Download Presentation

MINERALS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MINERALS

  2. BIGIdea: • Minerals are an integral part of daily life. • What exactly does ‘integral’ mean?

  3. A mineral is a… • naturally occurring, • inorganic, • solid with a definite chemical composition and structure.

  4. There are over 3,000 known minerals on Earth Fewer than 20 of these are considered “common”

  5. Scientists ask FOUR (4) questions… If the answer is YES to ALL 4, then the substance IS a mineral!

  6. 1. Does it occur naturally? • Is it found in nature? • Brass cannot be found in nature • Brass is a combination (man-made mixture) of zinc and copper • Brass is NOT a mineral

  7. 2. Is it inorganic? • Organic comes from living things • Inorganic never lived • Minerals must be INORGANIC • Coal is made of plants - it is organic and NOT a mineral

  8. 3. Is it a SOLID in crystalline form? • Oil is natural…but it is a liquid • Minerals must be SOLID • Why else would oil not pass the test?

  9. 4. Does it have a definite chemical composition? • Elements in minerals are combined in a definite amount, with a specific crystalline pattern • Why is concrete NOT a mineral?

  10. Rocks vs. Minerals • Rocks are made up of minerals • Rocks can be made of one or more minerals

  11. Major Rock-Forming Minerals: • Quartz • Feldspar • Calcite • Mica

  12. Rock-forming minerals make up the Earth’s crust…

  13. What are the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust (by mass)?

  14. Oxygen (O) - 46% and Silicon (Si) - 28%

  15. Composition of the Earth’s Crust • Minerals are composed of elements and compounds, and are classified into TWO(2) main groups (based on chemical composition): • Silicates • Contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) • 96% of Earth’s crust • Nonsilicates • Do not contain silicon

  16. Crystal Structure • The internal arrangement of atoms • Determines: • Crystal form • Breaking pattern • Hardness

  17. Diamonds and Graphite are both made of carbon What makes them look so different?

  18. …the internal arrangement of atoms, and the bonds between them…

  19. Diamond (a) vs. Graphite (b)

  20. Do you know what we use graphite for?

  21. How can we identify minerals? • Based on their physical and chemical properties…

  22. 1. COLOR Why do you think color is not a good way to identify a mineral?

  23. These 3 minerals are all samples of QUARTZ:

  24. 2. STREAK: the color of a mineral in POWDER form More reliable than color

  25. 3. LUSTER: the way a mineral’s surface reflects light

  26. Two (2) Types of LUSTER: A. Metallic - looks like metal

  27. Earthy (dull) Pearly Waxy Glassy B. Nonmetallic - does not look like metal

  28. 4. HARDNESS: the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

  29. Mohs Hardness Scale: assigns a number from 1 to 10 10 is the hardest (diamond) 1 is the softest (talc) Estimate the hardness of a mineral by dragging the mineral on a piece of window glass to see if it scratches it: --if it does, its hardness is 5.5 or greater --if it does not, its hardness is less than 5.5

  30. 5. CLEAVAGE vs. FRACTURE:the way a mineral breaks • CLEAVAGE: • splitting of a mineral along lines or flat surfaces • usually creates smooth surfaces and edges with the same angle

  31. FRACTURE: when a mineral breaks unevenly in a curved or irregular way

  32. 6. DENSITY (Specific Gravity) • Each mineral has small range of possible densities. • Good way to help identify minerals. M D V

  33. Other Special Properties of Minerals… 1. MAGNETISM: minerals containing iron • Magnetite

  34. 2. DOUBLE REFRACTION: bending of light to produce a double image of objects viewed through them Calcite

  35. 3. FLUORESCENCE – ability to glow under UV light 4. PHOSPHORESCENCE – ability to glow after the UV light is taken away

  36. 5. SMELL

  37. 6. REACTION TO ACID Calcite with HCl (hydrochloric acid)

More Related