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Post –Soviet Central Asia

Post –Soviet Central Asia. 21 February 2007 Daniel Gray. Dissolution of the USSR. 8 December 1991 Declaration 31 December 1991 Republics are now independently governed. The Bosses. Emomali Rahmonov. Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kurmanbek Bakiyev. Tajikistan. Kazakhstan. Kyrgyzstan.

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Post –Soviet Central Asia

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  1. Post –Soviet Central Asia 21 February 2007 Daniel Gray

  2. Dissolution of the USSR 8 December 1991 Declaration 31 December 1991 Republics are now independently governed

  3. The Bosses Emomali Rahmonov Nursultan Nazarbayev Kurmanbek Bakiyev Tajikistan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan

  4. The Bosses Islom Karimov Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedow Saparmurat Niyazov “Turkmenbashi” Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Karimova

  5. Cult of Personality

  6. Civil War 1992-1997

  7. Nationalism • Ethnic discrimination in the USSR • Economically weak • Glasnost • Nationalist policies • 1992 Election - Rahmon Nabiev • Government/Moscow vs. Minorities, Democrats, Islamists • Rebels take control of Gov.

  8. War • December 1992 - Rebels ousted from Dushanbe • Rakhmon Nabiyev replaced by Emomali Rahmonov • Reorganize in Afghanistan • Ethnic Cleansing • UN Peace Treaty 1997

  9. Security Issues Fundamentalism • Fergana Valley

  10. Radical/Terrorist Groups • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) • Hizb ut-Tahrir (HT) • Non-violent?

  11. Operation Enduring Freedom • Supported by all Central Asian States • Except Turkmenistan • Basing • Kyrgyzstan • Uzbekistan

  12. WMD • Soviet Nuclear Legacy in Kazakhstan • Semipalatinsk Test Site • 181 cases of illicit trafficking of nuclear materials between 1993-2001

  13. Semipalatinsk Test Site

  14. Andijan, Uzbekistan 2005 • 10 -11 May 2005 • Protests against the arrest of 23 local businessmen • 12 May – Prison Break • 13 May – Massacre • Death Toll: 500 - 1000

  15. Aftermath • Western Response • Canceled support for Afghanistan mission • June 2005 - Pact with Russia

  16. Oil • Bosporus Straits • Caspian Sea • How to Export?? • Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline

  17. Environment

  18. Environmental Issues

  19. MAILUU-SUU, KYRGYZSTAN • Top 10 World’s Worst Polluted Places • Radioactive Dump • Earthquakes, Floods • Affects 23,000 people • Possibly Millions!

  20. Aral Sea • 1918 – Russia diverts Amu Darya/Syr Darya Rivers • Poorly Designed Canal System • Fourth biggest inland sea • Now a desert • Biological Weapons Plant • Vozrozhdeniya Island

  21. Vozrozhdeniya Island & Kantubek

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