Oratory is the power to talk people out of their sober and natural opinions. ~Joseph Chatfield

1. Oratory is the power to talk people out of their sober and natural opinions.  ~Joseph Chatfield http://www.google.com/imgres?q=persuasion&start=92&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1146&bih=556&addh=36&tbm=isch&prmd=imvnsb&tbnid=dszJy6JxdRxpaM:&imgrefurl=http://lapersuasion.blogspot.com/&docid=PdRMlQnNyIexCM&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_0oKoTN4-zdk/Ssuz9tPhCNI/AAAAAAAAAAk/bqgh2Oiacio/S1600-R/persuasion.jpg&w=800&h=296&ei=LS6UT4bWN-Lk6QGEgum1BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=611&vpy=212&dur=33&hovh=136&hovw=369&tx=237&ty=63&sig=102736526451148650688&page=7&tbnh=72&tbnw=195&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:92,i:13

2. Persuasion Defined • the process of motivating someone, through communication, to change a particular belief, attitude, or behavior http://www.google.com/imgres?q=persuasion&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1146&bih=556&tbm=isch&prmd=imvnsb&tbnid=ZoId95B6ke574M:&imgrefurl=http://youngmogulsociety.com/persuasion-strategies-of-a-good-leader&docid=b05A0I4ST13v0M&imgurl=http://youngmogulsociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Persuasion.jpg&w=336&h=387&ei=1CuUT9oG5eTpAeCb2YUE&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=237&sig=102736526451148650688&page=2&tbnh=163&tbnw=141&start=13&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:13,i:181&tx=103&ty=49 http://recoveringengineer.com/communication-skills/five-secrets-for-more-persuasive-writing/

3. A: History of Persuasion • Aristotle -wrote Rhetoric over 2,500 years ago; still considered most influential book written on the subject -three sources of persuasion come from Aristotle (1Ethos, 2Pathos, 3Logos).

4. Personality (image) • Reputation • we believe ppl we respect • Character/Appearance of the speaker • **Can the audience trust, respect, and believe the speaker? • **Does the speaker show he/she is deserving of trust? Ethical Appeal or Credibility • convinced by the character of the person

5. Types of Ethos • appeal to age and experience • reverence for civic virtue • patriotism and public-spiritedness • display of piety: devoted to religion • follow rules of decorum: avoid delicate issues • model restraint

6. Improve your ethical appeal! • Show a high degree of confidence and competence • Be sincere • Be well prepared • Be honest • Responsible (ethical) persuasion means telling the truth as you have discovered it. • Show genuine interest in the audience • Charisma • Speak directly to a member or two of your audience • Refer to your personal experience • Mention your qualifications • Identify common interests with the audience • Use questions and outside evidence

7. 2. Pathos Emotional Appeal • appealing persuading by to the audience’s emotions Cartoon-homework: http://www.blgconsultinggroup.com/blog/bid/39081/Best-Practices-in-Sales-The-Six-Principles-of-Persuasion

8. Types of Pathos Write down 2-3 of the following: • lay claim to qualities that the audience will respect • stress disadvantages of speaker’s situation as a claim to pity • arouse hostility against opponent • generate prejudice through irrelevant information • incite fear • plea for pity

9. Types of audiences • positive: keep them happy or make them happier • neutral: needs more information • disinterested: needs to be shown how the subject affects them (light a fire). • negative: needs to be “softened up,” use evidence

10. 3. Logos • Logical Appeals • persuading through the use of reasoning: • argument • evidence • expert Opinion Logic Argument http://blogs.oucs.ox.ac.uk/openspires/2011/03/18/engaging-staff-in-oer-persuasion-support-and-reward/

11. argument: a set of one or more declarative sentences (premises) along with another declarative sentence (conclusion) • deductive reasoning: an argument that is valid and sound • Ex: P1: All men are mortal. P2: Zeus is a man. C.: Zeus is mortal. • valid: if the conclusion seems to logically follow the premises • sound: when the conclusion logically follows and the premises

12. Evidence + Reasoning = ProofData + Warrant = Claim • Data/Evidence: Materials shown and facts given by the speaker. • Warrant/Reasoning: Words providing a transition or mental jump from data to claim. • Claim/Proof: That which the speaker wants the audience to believe. Each listener has their own thinking process (what they think is logical).

13. Persuasion Activity $10,000 • Group 1: you should get all the money. • Group 2: you should spend the money on a teacher appreciation day. • Group 3: you should spend the money on the class. • Group 4: you should give the money to an organization of your choice. • Group 5: you should spend the money on a Senior class field trip to ______. (1 day) • Group 6: you should give all the money to Tech High School.

14. C: Conditions for Persuasive Speeches • know your own reasoning • need to believe what you are arguing • answer the question: Why do these ppl not already believe or do like I do on this matter? • strive to avoid offending deeply

15. D: Types of Persuasive Speeches • Speech to Convince • speaker attempts only to modify the audiences’ attitudes, opinions, or beliefs, rather than to motivate them to take action • Speech to Actuate • speaker supplies motivation; tries to motivate the audience to do something in particular • Speech to Stimulate • urges an audience to do/believe something that they already do/believe • must have a fresh approach for each encounter with the audience

16. E: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Attention step • draw attention to your subject • Need step • establish the problem • Satisfaction step • propose a solution • Visualization step • describe the result of the solution • Action step • direct appeal for the audience to do something

17. F: Creating a Persuasive Message 1.Describe the Problem • discuss nature of problem; show how problem affects audience 2. Describe the Solution • show plan will work; discuss the advantages of the plan 3. Describe the desired audience reaction • explain exactly what audience should do; describe benefits of the response you are seeking

18. Work Cited • Stephen E. Lucas’ The Art of Public Speaking (8th ed.)