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Population

Population. APHG. Population Key Issues. Where is the world’s population distributed? Where has the world’s population increased? Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries? Why might the world face an overpopulation problem?. Population Terms.

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Population

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  1. Population APHG

  2. Population Key Issues • Where is the world’s population distributed? • Where has the world’s population increased? • Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries? • Why might the world face an overpopulation problem?

  3. Population Terms • Demography- The scientific study of population characteristics. • Example: Birth Rates, Death Rates, Growth in More Developed –v- Developing. • Overpopulation- The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. • Density- The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

  4. Distribution and Density

  5. The World and the Top 10 – 2011 & 2016 2011 • World 6,987, 000,000 • China 1,346,000,000 • India 1,241, 000,000 • United States 312, 000,000 • Indonesia 238, 000,000 • Brazil 198, 000,000 • Pakistan 177, 000,000 • Nigeria 162, 000,000 • Bangladesh 151, 000,000 • Russia 143, 000,000 • Japan 128, 000,000 2016 • World 7,418, 000,000 • China 1,378, 000,000 • India 1,329, 000,000 • United States 324, 000,000 • Indonesia 259, 000,000 • Brazil 206, 000,000 • Pakistan 203, 000,000 • Nigeria 187, 000,000 • Bangladesh 163, 000,000 • Russia 144, 000,000 • Mexico 129, 000,000

  6. Population Growth Video

  7. Population Distribution – Descriptions of locations on the Earth’s surface where individuals or groups (depending on the scale) live. Dot Map of World Population – On this map, one dot represents 100,000 people

  8. Cartogram Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.

  9. World Population Clusters • Two-thirds of the world’s population are concentrated in four regions: 1. East Asia (East China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan) - 1/5 of world population here 2. South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) - bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan 3. Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines) 4. Europe - population is concentrated in cities

  10. East Asia

  11. South Asia

  12. Southeast Asia

  13. Europe

  14. North America

  15. Ecumene The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. Increased over time ¾ of world population lives on only 5% of the Earth’s surface

  16. Population Distribution • Densely populated regions • Low lands • Fertile soil • Temperate climate • Sparsely Populated Regions • dry lands • wet lands • high lands • cold lands

  17. Population • Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries? • Arithmetic Density • Physiological Density • Agricultural Density

  18. Density • Arithmetic Density: • The total number of people divided by the total land area. • Examples: Juneau Alaska – largest city in the US – by land area (3,225 Sq. Miles – 32,660).

  19. Density • Physiological Density: • The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. • Example: Singapore 982,641.

  20. Egypt’s population distribution is closely linked to the proximity of water. In the north, the population clusters along the Mediterranean and in the interior, along the banks of the Nile River. (2004)

  21. Density • Agricultural Density: • The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. • US –v- India

  22. Demographic TransitionWhy is population increasing at different rates in different countries?

  23. Stages in Classic 4-Stage Demographic Transition Model (DTM) (Some books show a 3-stage model; others mention a new 5th stage)

  24. Stage 1: “Pre-Industrial” High birth rates and high death rates (both about 40) Population growth very slow Agrarian (Agricultural) society High rates of communicable diseases Pop. increases in good growing years; declines in bad years (famine, diseases) No country or world region still in Stage One

  25. Stage 2: “Early Industrial” High birth rates (over 30) but death rates decline (to about 20) Huge population growth. RNIs increase sharply (pop. explosion); growth rate increases throughout Stage Two Growth not from increase in births, but from decline in deaths MDCs = starts early 1800s LDCs = starts after 1950s

  26. Stage 3: “Later Industrial” Birth rates decline sharply (to about 15) Death rates decline a bit more (to about 10 or less) Note growth still occurs, but at a reduced and declining rate MDCs = starts in late 1800s LDCs = starts after 1980s* * Or hasn’t started yet

  27. Stage 4: “Post-Industrial” Birth rates and death rates both low (about 10) Population growth very low or zero MDCs = starts after 1970s LDCs = hasn’t started yet Stage 5 (?): Hypothesized (not in Classic DTM) Much of Europe now or soon in population decline as birth rates drop far below replacement level

  28. Demographic Transition Model • Draw it! • Stages: 1-5 and growth / CBR / CDR / NIR / Total Population • Label the following countries: • Afghanistan • Germany • Zambia • Jordan • Afghanistan • Ukraine • Uruguay • Canada • Mexico • Hungary (Is that a country?) • Iraq

  29. Population PyramidsVideo

  30. Dependency Ratio • Dependency ratio • The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force. • 0-15 = Dependents • 16-64 = Workers • 65+ = Dependents • DR = Number of Dependents (0-15 and 65+) Number of Working-age (16-64) • Example: • Too many old people (Eastern Europe) or too many young people (Sub-Saharan Africa) can cause problems. X 100

  31. Population Pyramids • A country’s stage in Demographic Transition gives it a distinctive population structure • Also called Age-Sex Pyramids

  32. Rapid Growth

  33. Slow Growth

  34. No Growth • End of stage 4 • Large number of “older people” • Very small % of young people

  35. Developing Relatively Developed Developed (poor) (rich) What stage goes with each pyramid?

  36. National Scale

  37. Population PyramidsVideo

  38. Population Pyramids • Baby Boom • A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. • Echo Boom • The generation born after the baby boomers; the "echo" of a generation boom (1980s-1990s)

  39. Demographic Momentum • Demographic Momentum • Tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline bc of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.

  40. Why might the world face an overpopulation problem?Population Control

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