1 / 89

An Introduction to Electric Power Plants

An Introduction to Electric Power Plants. In order to understand this. E&M Principles Types of Power Plants Power System Components. Outline. energy = “the ability to do work” measured in Joules power = rate of energy generation or use measured in Watts = Joules / sec

burnetta
Download Presentation

An Introduction to Electric Power Plants

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. An Introduction toElectric Power Plants

  2. In order to understand this...

  3. E&M Principles Types of Power Plants Power System Components Outline

  4. energy = “the ability to do work” measured in Joules power = rate of energy generation or use measured in Watts = Joules / sec current = rate of charge flow measured in Amps voltage = “pressure” pushing current measured in Volts Principles Water pipes analogy

  5. electromagnets Moving Electrons Create Magnetic Fields DEMO: electromagnet & compass on overhead

  6. generators speakers Magnetic Fields Push on Moving Electronsor moving magnetic fields push on stationary electrons DEMO: force on current apparatusDEMO: make current with magnet & coil

  7. Why do we need “mechanical means”? It takes a force to push a conductor through a magnetic field — inertia won’t due. The Purpose of a Power Plant is toTurn a Loop of Wire in a Magnetic Field Car alternator... DEMO: copper tubeDEMO: GeneconsDEMO: Al plate and mag

  8. Powerhouse @ Hoover Dam

  9. Types of Power Plants Classification by the “mechanical means” used to turn the generator... • Thermal (water steam by burning Coal, Oil, NG) • Nuclear (water steam by Uranium or Plutonium fission) • Geothermal • Hydroelectric (falling water) • Wind Solar...

  10. Thermal Power Plant

  11. Nuclear Power Plant

  12. Hydroelectric Power Plant

  13. Hoover Itaipu

  14. ELECTRICAL Generators & Turbines Transformers Switches Busses Circuit Breakers Capacitor Banks MECHANICAL Conveyors Silos Boilers Scrubbers & Stacks Pumps Cooling Towers Power Plant Components

  15. Conveyors Boilers Scrubbers and Stacks Pumps Cooling Towers At the front end

  16. The whole point of the power plant is to turn the generators to produce electrical energy. Generators

  17. Difficult to replace A spare is often kept Turbines

  18. uninsulated electrical conductors large cross-section = low resistance must be far from ground and other components to avoid arcing Busses flirthermography.com

  19. Switches & Switchyards http://www.learnz.org.nz/trips06/images/big/b-switchyard.jpg

  20. PURPOSE: to change the voltage increase = “step-up” decrease = “step-down” Often run hot, must be cooled, prone to explode. oil inside cooling fins and fans blast walls Transformers DEMO: pass around small transformer DEMO: two coils, one with meter, other with battery

  21. PURPOSE: stop the flow of current if too much flows (due to short circuit or excess demand) 230 kV breaker Circuit Breakers DEMO: blow room breaker

  22. Purpose: to smooth out spikes or “glitches” in the line voltage. Capacitor Banks DEMO:charge/discharge a cap DEMO:Lenz’s Law

  23. Transmission Lines and the “grid”

  24. Why are High Voltages Used? • Transmission lines typically carry voltages of 110 kV, 230 kV, or even higher. The wires are not insulated, so they are kept high off the ground and well separated from each other, to prevent arcing (sparks) and injury or people or animals. • Why use such high voltages? Using very high voltages on the transmission lines reduces the amount of energy wasted heating up the wires. • And why is that so? Transformers cannot add energy, so if the voltage is increased, the current (in amps) must decrease. The charges flowing through the wires constantly collide with the atoms, losing energy and heating the wire. We call this resistance. Recall that the power (energy per time) lost to that heating is given by the equation P=I2R. If the current is reduced, the power used in heating the wire is reduced.

  25. Transformer Sub-Station Purpose: to reduce the very high voltages from the transmission lines (>100kV) to intermediate voltages used to serve an individual town or section of a city (typically 66 kV or 33 kV) TTR Substations, Inc.

  26. To your house... smaller transformers (on power line poles or green boxes on the ground) reduce the voltage further to the 240V delivered to individual homes

  27. Chapter 2 Economics of generation

  28. Introduction to Economics of Power Generation:The function of a power station is to deliver power at the lowest possible cost per kilo watt hour. This total cost is made up of fixed charges consisting of interest on the capital, taxes, insurance, depreciation and salary of managerial staff, the operating expenses such as cost of fuels, water, oil, labor, repairs and maintenance etc.The cost of power generation can be minimized by :1. Choosing equipment that is available for operation during the largest possible % of time in a year.2. Reducing the amount of investment in the plant.3. Operation through fewer men.4. Having uniform design5. Selecting the station as to reduce cost of fuel, labor, etc.

  29. All the electrical energy generated in a power station must be consumed immediately as it cannot be stored. So the electrical energy generated in a power station must be regulated according to the demand. The demand of electrical energy or load will also vary with the time and a power station must be capable of meeting the maximum load at any time. Certain definitions related to power station practice are given below:

  30. Load curve :Load curve is plot of load in kilowatts versus time usually for a day or a year.Load duration curve :Load duration curve is the plot of load in kilowatts versus time duration for which it occurs.Maximum demand :Maximum demand is the greatest of all demands which have occurred during a given period of time.Average load :Average load is is the average load on the power station in a given period (day/month or year)Base load :Base load is the minimum load over a given period of time.

More Related