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France

France. Syd , Rachel, Kelsey, and Caroline. Leaders. There were three key leaders of France during this time period: Georges Clemenceau Leon Blum Charles de Gaulle. Quick Background.

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France

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  1. France Syd, Rachel, Kelsey, and Caroline

  2. Leaders • There were three key leaders of France during this time period: Georges Clemenceau Leon Blum Charles de Gaulle

  3. Quick Background • We will be focusing on Georges Clemenceau but here is some quick information on Blum and de Gaulle • Leon Blum: first Socialist (and the first Jewish) premier of France, presided over the Popular Front coalition government in 1936–37 • Charles de Gaulle: dominant political leader and grand figurehead of France during and after World War II

  4. Georges Clemenceau • Background: Early Years • Born: September 28, 1841 in Mouilleron-en-Pareds, France • Grew up with strong republican views, father was a firm supporter of 1848 Revolution • Spent 73 days in prison after he and a bunch of other students published Le Travail, got in more trouble after publishing Le Matin

  5. Background (cont.) • After finishing medical studies, moved to New York • Impressed by political freedom enjoyed by United States citizens • Worked as a schoolteacher in Connecticut and eventually married one of his former students • Returned to France in 1869 and became doctor in Vendée

  6. Rise to Power • 1870: Moved to Paris and became involved in radical politics • 1871: Elected as Radical Republican deputy in National Assembly • Voted against German peace terms, became involved in the Paris Commune • 1876: Re-elected to National Assembly and became leader of the Radical Republicans • 1902: became senator and 4 years later, became minister of home affairs

  7. Rise to Power (cont.) • 1907-10: Became France’s Prime Minister • WWI: Refused office as justice minister under the French prime minister • 1917: Re-elected as France’s Prime Minister • Became Minister of War in the government • Versailles Peace Conference: clashed with Wilson and George, wanted harsh consequences for Germany and had many demands • Able to restore Alsace and Lorraine to France • However, rejected by French electorate in 1920 because of failure to meet other demands

  8. Leadership Style • “Radical Republican” and anti-monarchist • Similar to Robespierre • Known as “The Tiger” because of aggressive debating style • Regarded as a destroyer of ministries; his published works caused even the most powerful political leaders to fear him • Firm in law, separated church and state

  9. Leadership Style (cont.) • As right-wing nationalist, he suppressed popular strikes and demonstrations • Hostile to Socialists and Trade Unionists • As a leader, clamped down on dissent and senior politicians calling for peace • In 1920s, his stubbornness on an issue caused the downfall of French government • Brought his country to historic victory, only to be defeated himself

  10. Death • During his later years, Clemenceau continued to write • He was working on his memoirs when he died in Paris on November 24, 1929 of natural causes • He was 88 years old

  11. Legacy • Achieved many things while serving as firm, aggressive prime minister: • forged closer ties with Britain and settled the Moroccan crisis • worked to revive French morale in the country at large • persuaded the Allies to agree to a unified military command under Ferdinand Foch • Presided with authority over Paris Peace Conference and helped write Treaty of Versailles • Returned Alsace and Lorraine (territory constantly fought over by France and Germany) to France • Known as “the statesman who has deserved his world-wide reputation and who has done so much for the cause of the Allies.”

  12. Postwar Status and Impact:1920s • At beginning of 1920s, French government in strong position • Congress of Tours in 1920: socialist party was split into the French Communist Party and Radical-Socialist Party • Allied victory over Germany and the restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France had placed France as one of the strongest powers in Europe • France established elaborate system of border defenses called the Maginot Line and alliances like the Little Entente, to offset resurgent German strength

  13. 1920s (cont.) • Impact of Reparations from Treaty of Versailles • Because of Clemenceau’s aggressiveness , Germany was blamed for WWI, was held accountable for the cost of war and lost many territories • For Germany, the Treaty signaled the beginning of a period of isolation for Germany- was feared and distrusted by Allies • This all had significant impact on the role that Germany would, and potentially could, play in European and World affairs in the early post war climate • Could argue that impact of reparations was factor in causing WWII

  14. 1920s (cont.) • Kellogg-Briand Pact: • agreement, signed Aug. 27, 1928, condemning “recourse to war for the solution of international controversies” • In June, 1927, Aristide Briand, foreign minister of France, proposed to the U.S. government a treaty outlawing war between the two countries • Frank B. Kellogg, the U.S. Secretary of State, returned a proposal for a general pact against war, and after prolonged negotiations the Pact of Paris was signed by 15 nations • Positive Impact in Interwar World

  15. Postwar Status and Impact: 1930s • 1935: Concerned by emergence of Hitler in Nazi Germany, a group of left-winged politicians led by Leon Blum formed the Popular Front • Blum, Jewish leader of the Socialist Party, became Prime Minister of France in 1936 • While leading: left-wing in open revolt against the government and a growing economic crisis • Later campaigned for France to end its nonintervention policy • On March 13, 1938 Blum returned to power as prime minister, but on April 10 Blum's government fell and he was replaced

  16. 1930s (cont.) • Great Depression effect on France: • Drastic effects on the local economy, but stronger than most countries • Absence of large companies made modernization impossible • Workers could do no more than reduce their working hours to try and jumpstart the economy • France had negative impact in the Interwar World

  17. Matching • Who was the 1st Jewish Premier and presided over Popular Front coalition government from 1936 – 1937 • E • Who was the dominant political leader during and after WWII • F • Who was born in 1841 and lived in the US for some time • C • In what year did Georges Clemenceau become Prime Minister for the 1st time • D • Who did Georges Clemenceau clash with at the Paris Peace Conference • B • 1917 • Woodrow Wilson • Georges Clemenceau • 1907 • Leon Blum • Charles de Gaulle

  18. Fill in the Blank • Georges Clemenceau’s leadership style was to similar to ? . • Robespierre • Georges Clemenceau was known as the ? due to his aggressive debating skills. • “Tiger” • Clemenceau was working on his ? when he died in 1929 of natural causes. • Memoirs • Clemenceau restored ? to France after the Paris Peace Conference. • Alsace and Lorraine • Clemenceau became Prime Minister for the 2nd time in ? . • 1917

  19. Works Cited • Duffy, Michael. “Who’s Who – Georges Clemenceau.” firstworldwar.com. N.p., 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. • "Georges Clemenceau." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. • "Georges Clemenceau." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. • “Georges Clemenceau.” Spartacus Educational. www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2011 • STONE, JUDITH. "Georges Clemenceau." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. • Trueman, Chris. “Georges Clemenceau.” History Learning Site. Historylearningsite.co.uk, 2000 – 2011. Web. 24 Mar. 2011.

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