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Progressives

Progressives. Reforming the Workplace 10 hrs. day 6 days week Approx. $1.50 a day. Progressives. Reforming the New Industrial Order. Colton. REFORMS. Utah had passed a law limiting hrs in dangerous jobs to 8 hrs. 1910, 1/3 of workers lived in poverty.

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Progressives

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  1. Progressives

  2. Reforming the Workplace • 10 hrs. day • 6 days week • Approx. $1.50 a day Progressives Reforming the New Industrial Order Colton

  3. REFORMS Utah had passed a law limiting hrs in dangerous jobs to 8 hrs 1910, 1/3 of workers lived in poverty 1912, Massachusetts passed first minimum wage law (1938 nation-wide)

  4. OPPOSITION Owners claimed that new laws deprived them of their “property” unfairly Supreme Court ruled this violated constitutional liberty of workers denying them “freedom of contract”

  5. Florence Kelley Campaigned for laws limiting or outlawing child labor Wanted to improve working conditions for women Led the passage of the Illinois Factory Act 1893 prohibiting child labor and limiting hours women could work. Organized the National Child Labor Committee 1904 39 states had passed child labor laws by 1912 Enforcement was lax

  6. Florence Kelley Lobbied Oregon legislature limiting women laundry workers to 10 hrs day

  7. Muller v. Oregon, 1903 “Brandeis Brief” included evidence of bad effects of working long hours. Social research helped win the case. Becomes a model to defend other social legislation Flo Kelley & Josephine Goldmark got Louis Brandeis to argue their case

  8. Triangle Shirtwaist FIRE March 25, 1911 Fire starts in late afternoon near closing time on 8th floor (out of 10) 146 of 500 workers died Mostly young Jewish or Italian immigrant women

  9. Rose Schneiderman and the Women’s Trade Union League protested NY passed nation’s strictest fire safety code

  10. LABOR UNIONS Closed shop vs. Open shop Socialism

  11. AFLexcluded most unskilled workersbut helped out the International Ladies Garment Workers Union November, 1909 Uprising of the Thirty Thousand Worker’s walked off job to demand that companies recognize the ILGWU as their union

  12. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)“Wobblies” Formed in 1905 by Big Bill Haywood Included unskilled laborers Opposed capitalism Americans grew fearful of IWW aims

  13. REFORMING SOCIETY Reforming City Life Women’s clubs, Men’s clubs, and reform organizations worked with local gov’t agencies to clean up cities.

  14. REFORMING SOCIETY Lawrence Veiller, settlement house worker, campaigned for passage of the NY State Tenement House Bill 1901 • Banned construction of dark, airless tenements • Required open courtyards for air and light • Required a bathroom for each apt. or every 3 rooms.

  15. Physicians banded together to form the National Tuberculosis Association. TB dropped significantly by 1915 Big increase in parks and playgrounds.

  16. City Planning National Conference on City Planning 1909 • Believed that cleaned-up cities would produce better citizens. • Stop the spread of slums thru better planning • Instill patriotism • Daniel Burnham was a leading advocate

  17. Urban Moral Reform “Clean-up” immoral behavior Prohibition • Eliminating saloons would lessen social problems • crime • break-up of families Also eliminate power and influence of special interests (liquor)

  18. Urban Moral Reform Anti-Saloon League Women’s Christian Temperance Union Billy Sunday Frances Willard Carrie A. Nation

  19. 18th Amendment Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or importation of alcohol Ratified in 1919 Repealed in 1933 Movie censorship 1909

  20. Limits of Progressivism Did not address problems of discrimination or prejudice W.E.B. DuBois 1st African-American to earn Ph.D. from Harvard National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Worked thru court system for racial equality

  21. National Urban League Founded in 1910 Worked to improve job opportunities and housing for urban blacks Society of American Indians 1911-1923 • Immigrants • Reforms had mixed results • Americanization

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