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The Progressives

The Progressives. Problems & Solutions. Progressivism. An early 20th century reform movement Four Major Goals: Return control of gov’t to the people Restore economic opportunity Correct injustices Moral improvement. Immigrants/Urbanization.

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The Progressives

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  1. The Progressives Problems & Solutions

  2. Progressivism An early 20th century reform movement Four Major Goals: • Return control of gov’t to the people • Restore economic opportunity • Correct injustices • Moral improvement

  3. Immigrants/Urbanization

  4. The airshaft of a dumbbell tenement

  5. Progressives & Solutions • Jane Addams - settlement houses (Hull House) • Cities: • Chlorination • Plumbing & ventilation (dumbbell tenements) • Sanitation, police, fire depts.. • Brick/stone buildings

  6. Labor

  7. Company Owners

  8. Company laborers

  9. Labor Problems • Working conditions • Long hours, low pay 12+ hours 6-7 days a week, • 1899 women $269 a year, men $498 • Carnegie $23 million no taxes • “Yellow-dog” contracts- a contract between a worker and an employer in which, as a condition of employment, the worker agrees not to remain in or join a union. • Injuries/death • Child labor (2 million in 1910) • %20 of boys full time jobs, %10 of girls

  10. Labor Solutions • Unions: • AFL (strikes) • Knights of Labor (arbitration) • Muller v. Oregon (Supreme Court) State could legally limit women’s working hours • Worker compensation • Collective bargaining • Keating Owen Act- prohibited the transportation of goods made with child labor across state lines

  11. Public Health/Consumer Fraud

  12. Progressives & Solutions • Labels untruthful • Wretched meat • Contaminated products • Commission to investigate • Public criticism (The Jungle) • Laws: • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food & Drug Act

  13. Business Practices Monopolies Trusts

  14. Progressives & Solutions • Ida Tarbell • Trusts made illegal • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Govt. agencies created to be “watchdogs” • Interstate Commerce Commission • Federal Trade Commission • Reduced tariffs (Underwood Tariff) • Elkins Act- RR rebates • Hepburn Act-free RR passes • Income tax: 16th Amendment to the Constitution

  15. Politics Corruption Patronage Graft

  16. Progressives & Solutions • “Political Machines” • Controlled jobs, licenses, bought votes, graft, kickbacks, bribery, hired friends • Pendleton Act- civil service commission • 17th Amendment- direct election of senators • Robert La Follette • State reforms: • Initiative- leg can be from people • Referendum- voted by people • recall

  17. Environment

  18. Progressives & Solutions • Industrial waste • Leveled forests • Overgrazed plains • Spoil dumps • Flooding from timber ind. • TR & John Muir • National Reclamation Act • National Parks • Wildlife Refuges

  19. Women/Minorities

  20. Anti-Suffrage Cartoon

  21. Alice Paul

  22. Progressives & Solutions • No Votes for Afr-Am. • Literacy test, poll tax • Jim Crow Laws • Yield sidewalk • Discrimination • NAACP • No Votes for Women • Domestics, factories, clerks • 19th Amendment

  23. Were the Progressives Successful? Was the industrial revolution a “revolution”?

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