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the high-voltage network of CERN Today

the high-voltage network of CERN Today. François Duval Head of the Electrical Engineering Group EN Department CERN. Outline. The High Voltage grid Sources of Energy at CERN Normal operation Degraded Operating Modes Critical Points Present Power Consumption

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the high-voltage network of CERN Today

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  1. the high-voltage network of CERN Today François Duval Head of the Electrical Engineering Group EN Department CERN

  2. Outline • The High Voltage grid • Sources of Energy at CERN • Normal operation • Degraded Operating Modes • Critical Points • Present Power Consumption • Estimates at the HL-LHC Horizon • Methodology • Power Requirements Part 1 The Status of the CERN Distribution Network Part 2 Present Consumption and Future Estimates Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  3. The CERN Accelerator Complex Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  4. The layout Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  5. The Layout of the HV Grid Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  6. The Present HV Network 1970’s Prévessin & the SPS 1980’s - 2000 LHC 1950 - 1960’s Meyrin &the PS Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  7. The Present HV Network Main source EDF > 300 MW Alternative source SIG/ALPIQ ≤ 60 MW Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  8. The Different Voltage Levels Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  9. The Sources of Energy at CERN Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  10. The Sources • EDF/RTE • 400MVA • SIG/Alpiq • 60MVA • Emergency source • The evolution • Sharing between the two sources until 1995, • For cost reasons and the limited available power the relegation of the SIG source to a back-up source to be used only in case of outage of the EDF source or during maintenance Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  11. Quality • The quality of the energy delivered at CERN is affected by external and internal causes: • Internal • High level of Harmonics from power converters • Voltage drops from short circuits • Lack of selectivity • External • Harmonics 2 from Power transformers energizing through CERN filters Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  12. Quality • Voltage drops due to faults on the grid (mainly lightning) This topic was specified for the LHC project (EDMS 113154 Main parameters of the LHC 400/230 V distribution system) Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  13. Quality Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  14. Normal Operation • The 66 kV network of the LHC Sites and the General Services for the the LHC, the SPS and its North Experimental Area • EHT4 and EHT5 110MVA 400/66 kV, identical and operate in parallel • EHT7 70 MVA 66/18 kV feeds the General Services of the Prevessin Site, the SPS and the LHC • The LHC is fed, without any redundancy, from LHC points • 1 EHT102 70 MVA 66/18 kV • 2, 4, 6 & 8, EHT102/103 38 MVA 66/18 kV Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  15. Normal Operation • The 18 kV pulsed network of the magnet system of the SPS and its North Experimental Area • From the BE substation which is made of 3 busbars, each one fed from a 400/18 kV 90 MVA transformer, each busbar is connected to an SVC system of 120/150 MVAR • 2 busbars out of 3 are necessary to operate the pulsed network • The high capacitive current generated by the SVC is higher than the performance of the 18 kV CB, therefore the busbar protection is supported by the 18 kV incomers with the risk of high capacitive currents to be cut. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  16. Normal Operation • The Meyrin Site • All the Meyrin site is fed from the main substation in LHC Point 1 through the MP5 link (60 MVA) • There is no separation between General Services network and the facilities (accelerators, experimental areas, computer centre, etc.) Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  17. Normal Operation • Autotransfert • There is an automatic reconfiguration of the general services network called AUTOTRANSFERT managed by PLCs. • It is based on the presence of voltage on the following busbars: BE9, ME9 and SEM12 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  18. Degraded Operation • With the present consumption (LHC at 4 TeV) the network is able to cope with the outage of one major component: • a transformer (400/66 kV or 66/18 kV) or • an 18 kV site inter-site link. • In the event of such a failure, the 18 kV network can be reconfigured to support accelerator operations at nominal power. • See EDMS document no. 1079852 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  19. Degraded Operation • Outage of EHT7 • The load is taken by EHT3 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  20. Degraded Operation • Outage of EHT102 in LHC Point 1 • The load is taken via inter-site link MP6 on EHT7 and from SIG Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  21. Degraded Operation • Outage of EHT4 or EHT5 • The load is taken by EHT3 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  22. Degraded Operation • Outage of EHT102 in any of the LHC Points 2,4,6 or 8 • No redundancy ! (only spares: one week to repair) Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  23. Degraded Operation • Outage of inter-site link MP5 • The load is taken via inter-site link MP6 and EHT7 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  24. Degraded Operation • Outage of inter-site link MP7 • The load is taken via inter-site link MP6 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  25. Critical Points • The network has a number of weak points that affect • operational capability, • availability, • maintainability, • economy, • reliability and • safety. • There are components • the failure of which would have a long-term impact on accelerator operations and/or • have operational limitations linked to network dimensioning and maintenance. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  26. Operational Capability 1 • The Meyrin site is fed only by one substation (ME9 JURA). This substation has two sources: • SIG/Alpiq (Switzerland) through ME10 • EDF (France) through LHC Point 1 • Operation with a single 400/66 kV 110 MVA transformer is only possible if transformer EHT3 do not operate on the SPS pulsed network. • The network does not allow reconfigurations to supply loads which are critical for the operation of the LHC Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  27. Operational Capability 2 • The 18 kV substation (ME43) for the computer centre in building 513 is part of the 18 kV ring that supplies the PS Booster and ISOLDE. This ring is operating near its rated capacity. • The inter-site links (MP6 & MP7, today limited to 30 MVA) do not allow all degraded modes at full power. • The mixing in some substations (BE9 and ME59) of interconnection and distribution functions limits the operation capability. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  28. Availability • The diversity of technologies used for the switchgears and protection relays, • The complexity of the HV grid, • The numerous possibilities for reconfiguration and • The need for very rapid fault-clearing make the task of implementing protection and efficient selectivity difficult. • No separation between the General Services Network and the facilities on the Meyrin site (accelerators, experimental areas, computer centre, etc.) Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  29. Maintainability • The yearly tests of the AUTOTRANSFERT system, cannot be done without power cuts on the Meyrin site • During the maintenance of the 400 kV substation, CERN is limited to 60 MVA because of the SIG source; this leads to continuous delays of the maintenance operations. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  30. Reliability related to ageing • The power cables of SPS are close to their end of life. Pulsed and not filtered currents overstress the junctions and the failure rate is sharply increasing. • The 400 kV busbars and auxiliary connections require replacement Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  31. Redundancy • A single OHL connects the 400 kV source to CERN • The 66 kV distribution for the LHC is made of 5 antennas • The power demand of the CERN Control Centre has grown and eroded the redundancy and maintainability. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  32. Safety • Most of the equipment (cubicles and cables) of Meyrin, Prevessin and SPS date from the 60’s or 70’s; they are no longer in compliance with the currently applicable standards for safety and operational reliability. • The 400 kV substation at BE lacks protection (such as firewalls) against the spread of a possible fire from one of the five transformers to adjacent installations. • The Diesel safety network of the SPS cannot meet anymore the needs of the Prévessin site Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  33. Economy • With the present power consumption, the failure of some of the network components can be tolerated. This involves network reconfigurations which require in some cases the connection to the SIG (Switzerland) source where energy is very expensive. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  34. Outline • The High Voltage grid • Sources of Energy at CERN • Normal operation • Degraded Operating Modes • Critical Points • Present Power Consumption • Estimates at the HL-LHC Horizon • Methodology • Power Requirements Part 1 The Status of the CERN Distribution Network Part 2 Present Consumption and Future Estimates Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  35. Present Power Consumption • Present power consumption was measured in July 2012; • The power values are the average of instantaneous power over 10 minutes • A particular attention is required on the difference between measured power flowing through a bus-bar and the sum of the power measured downstream Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  36. Present Power ConsumptionMeasured in July 2012 Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  37. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  38. Estimates for the FutureThe inventory • Future upgrades/consolidations : • LHC operation at 7 TeV per beam • HL-LHC project • Upgrades of the LHC experiments • Planned upgrades and consolidation of the accelerators • Planned increase of the capacity of the Computer Centre. • The shutdown of CNGS, DIRAC and LINAC2 • Approved future or ongoing projects both in Prévessin and Meyrin: • CCC consolidation, • New Building 107, • Consolidation Building 867 and • Additional needs of the various laboratories and test areas. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  39. Estimates for the FutureMethodology • The estimated active and reactive power figures set out in the tables of this document are based exclusively on the power load forecasts provided by the users and do not take rectification in account. • The drop in consumption during long shutdowns are not considered. • Power forecasts on 400/66 et 66/18 kV transformers have been done considering only the existing filters and TCRs. Also, any filter failure will impact the operation of the accelerators. Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  40. Estimates for the FutureLHC at 7 TeV +31 % Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

  41. Estimates for the FutureHL-LHC +41 % Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System

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