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Columbian Exchange

AP EURO Unit #3 – Scientific Revolution and the Era of the Enlightenment Lessons #305, 306 RUAL INDUSTRY BUILDING A GLOBAL ECONOMY. Columbian Exchange. Mercantilism. Create a favorable trade balance Increase stock of bullion (gold and silver)

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Columbian Exchange

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  1. AP EUROUnit #3 – Scientific Revolution and the Era of the EnlightenmentLessons #305, 306RUAL INDUSTRYBUILDING A GLOBAL ECONOMY

  2. Columbian Exchange

  3. Mercantilism • Create a favorable trade balance • Increase stock of bullion (gold and silver) • NAVAGATION ACTS – colonies created for the wealth of the motherland

  4. Mercantilism – What are the key points? What gets sent to the “mother country”? What’s the commodity in high demand”? In the end, what’s the goal, when dealing with other nations? What does the “mother country” want from the colonies? What would they send to colonies? England, France, Spain, United Provinces, Portugal The Americas, Africa, India, Asia What would they want from the colonies?

  5. Triangle Trade Using this diagram, describe the TRIANGLE TRADE Who wins out? Who loses biggest? Why do you think Europeans could justify this practice?

  6. Mercantilism - Triangular Trade According to this image, what was the ultimate goal (purpose) of the Triangle Trade? According to this diagram, what was the cost to Europeans?

  7. Atlantic Slave Trade What region go the most African slaves? How did the US compare to other areas? Describe.

  8. Atlantic Slave Trade According to THIS map, what region most benefitted from the Slave Trade?

  9. Cottage Industry • Work done in cottages during “down” time • Usually a one-room home • Organized by the “putting out” system • Merchants “put out” raw materials • Paid peasants for their part of finished product • Merchants HATED the lack of control • Start of textiles industry • Flying Shuttle – JOHN JAY • Made weaving faster

  10. Wars of the 18th Century • War of Spanish Succession • Spain and France – big losers • 18th century warfare seen as “good” and limited • War of Jenkins Ear (1739) • British smugglers in Spanish “Main” • Capt. Robert Jenkins – ear in a jar – 8 years • Parliament declared war; British dominant • War of Austrian Succession • Aggression of Prussia • Weakness of Austria and of France • Seven Years War

  11. Seven Years War • English undisputed leader in colonies &continent • Treaty of Paris (1763) • France lost most of American colonies to British • Start of conflict between British government and British colonies

  12. Colonial Trade of the 18th century • British becoming enormously rich • Mercantilism • Joint stock companies – English East Indian Company (to compete with Dutch East Indian Company) • Encouraged colonies

  13. Now… Segway to British royalty

  14. English monarchs of the 18th century • Queen Anne (1702-1714) • Took over at age 37 – seen as fat and always pregnant • 17 pregnancies to Prince George of Denmark • Only Prince William lived to age 11 (in 1700) • Crisis with the Throne • Act of Settlement (1701) • If Anne had no kids, power would pass to Hanoverian Elector

  15. English monarchs of the 18th century • Act of Settlement (1701) • If Anne had no kids, power would pass to Hanoverian Elector • George I – cousin to Anne and great grandson to James I • George was 54 – spoke very little English • Married first cousin – had one son George I

  16. Hanoverian British kings • George I – not real English • George II – sorta English • King’s College (Columbia) • Georgia and Georgian calendar • Hated his dad • George III • Born in England (grandson to George II) • Favored Tories – Whigs called him a tyrant • Looked for ways to recover $$ from Seven Years War without raising taxes 3m to end (9m) –English kings

  17. New English democracy • Political factions • Tories – peace with France • Favored a strong monarchy • Favored land owning rich • Favored James, not George • Whigs – anti-French • Favored a strong Parliament • Favored urban commercial interests • Favored George I • Robert Walpole – first PRIME MINISTER • Saved English from South Sea Bubble • Given power to rule by George I and II

  18. THE ACT OF UNION • Act of Union (1707) • Joined Scotland with England and Wales • United Kingdom of Great Britain 5m – Explanation of Britain 2m – How Scotland became English

  19. Parliament in 18th Century • House of Lords • Permanent seats • House of Commons • Elected (sometimes chosen) • Did not answer to constituents • They represented “interests” • Often “bought off” by wealthy • Fair tax structure • Finances secure • Freedom of speech and press • Lots of public debate • No large standing army

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