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Lecture 6.9: Skeletal System

Lecture 6.9: Skeletal System. Rheumatism. Pain and stiffness in muscular and/or skeletal systems Arthritis—all rheumatoid diseases affecting joints Damage to articular cartilage Results from: Bacterial/Viral infection Injury to Joint Metabolic problems Severe physical stress.

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Lecture 6.9: Skeletal System

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  1. Lecture 6.9: Skeletal System

  2. Rheumatism • Pain and stiffness in muscular and/or skeletal systems • Arthritis—all rheumatoid diseases affecting joints • Damage to articular cartilage • Results from: • Bacterial/Viral infection • Injury to Joint • Metabolic problems • Severe physical stress

  3. Osteoarthritis • Usually 60+ • Wear and tear of joints • Genetic • 25% of females and 15% of men in US have this

  4. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Inflammatory disease • 2.5% of US • Immune system attacks the joints

  5. Prevention Measures • Exercise • Physical Therapy • Aspirin • All slow the disease

  6. Angular Motion Flexion Anterior/Posterior Reduces angle between two objects

  7. Figure 6.32a

  8. Angular cont… • Extension • Increase angle between two objects • Head looking straight ahead

  9. Figure 6.32a

  10. Angular cont… • Hyperextension • Extension past anatomical position • Ex: Looking at ceiling

  11. Figure 6.32a

  12. Angular cont… • Abduction • Away from midline • Adduction • Toward the midline

  13. Figure 6.32b

  14. Figure 6.32c

  15. Angular cont… • Circumduction • Arm Circles

  16. Figure 6.32d

  17. Rotation • Turn around longitudinal axis • Ex: “no” motion

  18. Figure 6.33

  19. Pronation • Palm facing front to palm facing backward

  20. Figure 6.33b

  21. Supination • Palm turned forward

  22. Figure 6.33b

  23. Special Movements • Inversion • Turn sole inward • Eversion • Turn sole outward

  24. Figure 6.34

  25. Special cont… • Dorsiflexion • Lift toes upward • Plantar flexion • Point toes

  26. Figure 6.34

  27. Special cont… • Opposition • Move thumb across palm to other fingers

  28. Figure 6.34

  29. Special cont… • Protraction • Move body part anteriorly • Retraction • Opposite of protraction

  30. Figure 6.34

  31. Special cont… • Elevation • Move superiorly • Depression • Move inferiorly

  32. Figure 6.34

  33. Synovial Joints • Gliding • Bones slide over one another • Movement slight • Carpal and tarsal bones • Between vertebrae

  34. Figure 6.35a

  35. Synovial cont… • Hinge Joints • Movement in one plane • Occipital and Atlas (“yes”) • Elbow, Knee

  36. Figure 6.35b

  37. Synovial cont… • Pivot Joints • Rotation only • Atlas and Axis (“no”)

  38. Figure 6.35c

  39. Synovial cont… • Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint • Move in two planes • Connect fingers to carpals

  40. Figure 6.35d

  41. Synovial cont… • Saddle Joints • Thumb

  42. Figure 6.35e

  43. Synovial cont… • Ball and Socket Joints • Can perform all movements • Shoulder, Hip

  44. Figure 6.35f

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