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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia. How Prevalent?. About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia (3.2 million people in the US) Appears in men at age 18; women at age 25 Costs for treatment/support +$62 billion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaFqw8XnpA Chart: annual diagnosis. Psychosis.

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Schizophrenia

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  1. Schizophrenia

  2. How Prevalent? • About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia (3.2 million people in the US) • Appears in men at age 18; women at age 25 • Costs for treatment/support +$62 billion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaFqw8XnpA Chart: annual diagnosis

  3. Psychosis • Generic term: “Break with Reality” • A symptom, not an illness • Caused by a variety of conditions that affect the functioning of the brain. • Includes hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder

  4. Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Disorganized thinking. • Disturbed Perceptions (Hallucinations) • Inappropriate Emotions and Actions <descriptions ahead!!!

  5. DisorganizedThinking • The thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs. • Disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention.- they cannot filter out information. This often causes………

  6. Delusions of Persecution Delusions of Grandeur Typical Delusions (false beliefs!)

  7. Disturbed Perceptions • hallucinations- sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.

  8. Inappropriate Emotions and Actions • Laugh at inappropriate times (awkward!) • Flat Effect (no emotions show) • Senseless, compulsive acts/gestures. • Catatonia- motionless Waxy Flexibility…see it later!>>> • Waxy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OACC_HYvew • Born Schizophrenic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vYQ6pbJt2k • Catatonia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM6wRPn6tpA

  9. Positive Symptoms Presence of inappropriate symptoms: anger, voices, etc Negative Symptoms Absence of appropriate ones: lack of motivation or interest in society Positive v. Negative Symptoms

  10. Types of Schizophrenia

  11. Paranoid Schizophrenia • Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations. • Somebody is out to get me!!!!

  12. Disorganized Schizophrenia • disorganized speech (“word salad”) or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.

  13. Catatonic Schizophrenia • parrot like repeating of another’s speech and movements

  14. Causation? • Psychosocial Explanation: Expressed Emotions Stress from life events Correlates w/low socioeconomic class Correlates w/limited social connections

  15. Causation? • Genetic Factors: • Studies show “heritability” is 60-90% • Probably involves dysfunction of several genes • Brain chemistry: neurotransmitter dysfunction seems connected to dopamine, serotonin + glutamate • Dopamine agonists (cocaine, L-Dopa) can bring on psychosis

  16. Anatomical Abnormalities: • Smaller overall brain volume • Smaller Hippocampus • Failure to activate frontal cortex • Enlarged Ventricles (lateral)

  17. Treatments: • Medications: Antipsychotics taken at the lowest dose possible to avoid side-effects like Clozapine (and many others); side effects include dizziness, tremors, drowsiness, weight gain, fast heart rate Psychosocial Treatments: Psychoanalysis, outpatient treatment, + family support

  18. Psychosis can occur in all of these instances PSYCHOSIS Mood disorders Substance induced “organic” mental disorders “Functional” disorders Delirium Dementia Amnesia Schizophrenia “spectrum” disorders

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