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4.7 Greywater treatment

Greywater (shower, washing, cleaning, etc.). constructed wetland, gardening, wastewater pond, biol. treatment, membrane- technology. irrigation, groundwater recharge or direct reuse.

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4.7 Greywater treatment

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  1. Greywater (shower, washing, cleaning, etc.) constructedwetland, gardening, wastewater pond, biol.treatment, membrane-technology irrigation, groundwater recharge or direct reuse Learning objectives: Get familiar with various treatment options and with the application of various processes 4.7 Greywater treatment Can we remove all the pathogens and heavy metals? What is in the sludge?

  2. Application of processes Chemical Biological phosphorus, pathogens, metals G BOD, nitrogen, pathogens F B A D E C BOD, suspended solids Physical Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  3. Overview of possible technical options Karin Tonderski, Linköping univeristy, Sweden

  4. Screens and grease traps screen Organics from kitchen pipe sorted out in a plastic screen Over-flow Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  5. Sedimentation pond Karin Tonderski, Linköping university, Sweden

  6. Simple septic tank Scum layer Bird’s eye view Sediment Sediment Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  7. CH4, CO2 scum layer sludge Anaerobic pond Karin Tonderski, Linköping university, Sweden

  8. Anaerobic baffled reactor Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Off-plot system Pedro Kraemer, BORDA, India

  9. Anaerobic Filter (off-plot biogas system) Courtesy of Pedro Kraemer, BORDA, India

  10. UASB Reactor biogas Air pump Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university

  11. Horizontal subsurface flow wetlands o2 o2 o2 o2 Internal water level Cross distribution trench Cross collection trench Collection and drainage pipe Influent Outlet shaft Main filter filled with graded gravel and sand Effluent Courtesy of Roshan Shrestha, UN-Habitat, Nepal

  12. Construction of horizontal flow wetlands Karin Tonderski, Linköping university, Sweden

  13. Soil filters – leachfield or mound systems Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  14. Trickling filter Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  15. Vertical flow subsurface wetland o2 o2 o2 o2 Collection and drainage pipe Influent Main filter filled with graded gravel and sand Effluent Courtesy of Roshan Shrestha, UN-Habitat, Nepal (revised)

  16. Biofilter and wetland for greywater treatment Biofilter with nozzle distribution Wetland Total area 100 m2 Courtesy of Thor-Axel Stenström, SMI, Sweden

  17. Common problems in soil filters 1. Overloading(suspended solids, high BOD, water) 2. Uneven distribution(over surface, over clay) 3. Failure in drainage(waterlogging, roots) 4. Wrong choice of sand and gravel(texture, mineral particle shape) 1 2 3 4 Jan-Olof Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

  18. Improved distribution using controlled clogging 10 m Geotextile unit Pre- treatment in sedimentation tank 0.6 m in sand 3 m in silt Courtesy of Peter Ridderstolpe, WRS. Sweden

  19. Bird´s eye view of a mulch bed system for a single house Registro de división de flujos Distribution boxes kitchen Bath Mulch beds Wash room Cajete de acolchado Courtesy of Kim Andersson, Colombia

  20. Mulch bed filter Greywater pipe from household Mulch from garden Depth max. 40 cm Entrance with stones 3-10 litres of greywater per m2 per day Courtesy of Kim Andersson, Colombia

  21. Wetland irrigation and overland flow Karin Tonderski, Linköping university, Sweden

  22. Aerobic biofilters and energy Extensive Intensive Sorption and irrigation systems Rapid infiltration systems Biofilter reactors • - Drain mulch basin • Swales & resorption • trenches • Wetland irrigation • (overland flow & sub- • surface flow, and • impounding wetlands) Soil filters: - Infiltration (open, covered submerged - Sandfilters Artificial filter media: - Indrän, infiltra etc. - Trickling filter - Bio-rotors Revised from P. Ridderstolpe, WRS, Uppsala

  23. Removal rate of microorganisms in various wastewater treatments (log units) Large variations in practice due to quality of management Sources: WHO, 2006 and Jimenez et al., 2010

  24. E: Treatment of sludge • - All treatment processes produce sludge, be it much or little • Choice of treatment according to kind of reuse • We need to de-toxify our chemical society Source: EU, 2008

  25. Start from the end !(centralised example) Our thinking is now on global challenges as well as on local wishes for system performance and status Sludge drying bed We decide what quality we would like the final products to have. CO2 & methane gases Dried sludge itself percolating effluent water Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  26. Pathogen reductions achieved by selected health-protection measures

  27. Environmental and Human health hazards Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping university, Sweden

  28. Principle: Organic ≠other solid waste Stormwater ≠sewage Industrial≠household wastewater Black toilet water ≠ greywater Faeces ≠urine Summary of strategies to improve wastewater treatment and nutrient use in agriculture and energy production mix as few flows as possible Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden

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