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DNA

Discover the fascinating world of DNA! Learn how this tiny twisted ladder inside your body holds the key to your identity. Explore how DNA is used in crime solving, understand its structure with nucleotides and bases, and uncover the secrets of genes and proteins. Unravel the mystery of genetic traits and create flow charts to visualize DNA processes. Get hands-on with DNA extraction experiments using everyday materials. Unlock the wonders of your genetic fingerprint with this enlightening educational journey!

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DNA

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  1. DNA The fingerprint that’s inside your body!!!!!!

  2. DNA

  3. Fun DNA Facts! DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder! DNA stands for:D: DeoxyriboseN: NucleicA: Acid Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!

  4. DNA is made up of steps and rails of a ladder. This is a rail This is a step Green can only go with Red Purple can only go with Yellow

  5. You can tell people apart by their fingerprints… Because everyone’s fingerprints are different!

  6. DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little different! How does the police look at DNA to figure out who committed a crime?

  7. STEP # 1 The DNA gets cut up by special scissors!!!

  8. The scissors can only cut the same colour!

  9. STEP # 2 All of the cut up pieces of DNA are different sizes.

  10. STEP # 3 A special machine sorts the DNA by size. (Little pieces are fast, so they move faster to the bottom.) BIG TOP LITTLE BOTTOM

  11. We are ALL a little bit different! Miss Ellis’ DNA BIG LITTLE Sara’s DNA

  12. Soooo…. How do we tell people apart just by their DNA anyways???

  13. Our DNA has different sizes of pieces so it makes a different pattern when it’s all cut up. Miss Ellis’ DNA Sara’s DNA

  14. Miss Ellis Sara This is what it really looks like!!!

  15. Can you guess which one is Sara and which one is Miss Ellis? Miss Ellis Sara ? Is the red box around Miss Ellis’ DNA or around Sara’s DNA?

  16. DNA Structure

  17. DNA Structure • DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix. • A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides. • Each nucleotide consists of: • Phosphate group • Pentose sugar • Nitrogenous base

  18. Nucleotides Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Pentose Sugar

  19. Nucleotides • The phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the “rungs”. • There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

  20. Nucleotides A T C Adenine Thymine G Guanine Cytosine

  21. Nucleotides • Each base will only bond with one other specific base. • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G) Form a base pair. Form a base pair.

  22. DNA Structure • Because of this complementary base pairing, the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand.

  23. A T A A A T T T C C C G G G

  24. DNA Structure • To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases. • The bases are arranged in triplets called codons. A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G T C C - G A G - T T C - A G G - A T C

  25. DNA Structure • A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. • Each unique gene has a unique sequence of bases. • This unique sequence of bases will code for the production of a unique protein. • An organism's genotype is the set of genes that it carries. • An organism's phenotype is all of its observable characteristics — which are influenced both by its genotype and by the environmentIt is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique phenotype.

  26. DNA Gene Protein Trait

  27. Your Task • Draw a flow chart to show how to get from:

  28. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.

  29. Instructions Materials • Onion • Salt • Dishwashing liquid • Meat tenderizer • Rubbing alcohol • Label your cups “CONTROL” and “SOAP AND ENZYMES” • Add onion juice to both cups • Add dishwashing soap to cup marked “soap and enzymes” • Add ½ teaspoon of meat tenderizer to cup marked “soap and enzymes” • Stir gently, wait 10 minutes • SLOWLY pour alcohol into each cup and DO NOT stir!

  30. Extract your own DNA • http://web.archive.org/web/20100509035744/http:/www.nature.ca:80/genome/05/051/pdfs/DNAextract_e.pdf

  31. Instructions Materials • Two pieces of licorice • 6 toothpicks • 12 different coloured marshmallows (4 different colours) • The licorice is the DNA “backbone” (or the sides of the ladder) • The marshmallows connect the two sides of the ladder with a toothpick (think of the marshmallows as the two parts of velcro) • Remember only certain colours can “stick” together in DNA Redgoes withOrange Yellowgoes withGreen

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