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Properties of Acids & Bases

Properties of Acids & Bases. Honors Bio: 2-3 Solutions. Solutions. Solution : a mixture of two or more substances uniformly mixed together – can be PHYSICALLY separated. (often clear) Ex: plasma, air, salt water, whipped cream Solute : the substance dissolved.

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Properties of Acids & Bases

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  1. Properties of Acids & Bases Honors Bio: 2-3 Solutions

  2. Solutions • Solution: a mixture of two or more substances uniformly mixed together – can be PHYSICALLY separated. (often clear) • Ex: plasma, air, salt water, whipped cream • Solute: the substance dissolved. • Solvent: The dissolving substance; usually the greater amount. • Aqueous Solution: water is the solvent.

  3. Dissociation • The separating of a molecule into simpler molecules or ions. • In water, the force of attraction between water molecules (due to its POLARITY) or between water and other molecules is so strong that it can separate and remove atoms. • In water, this results in the formation of OH- and H+ ions (in EQUAL concentrations)

  4. Dissociation A very small percentage of the H2O molecules dissociate to form H+ and OH– ions. Most of the molecules in pure water remain intact as H2O.

  5. Acids • An acid is an aqueous solution that contains a greater concentration of H+ ions (compared to OH- ions). • Hydronium ions: form when free H+ ions react with other water molecules. • pH: measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

  6. Acids (cont.) • Acids taste SOUR • pH <7 • Litmus RED • Weak acids: • Acetic acid (vinegar-CH3COOH) • Carbonic acid (H2CO3) • Lactic acid • Strong acids: • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) • Nitric acid (HNO3) • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

  7. Strong vs Weak Acids

  8. Weak Acids

  9. Biological Importance • Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) • Lactic Acid (CH3CH(OH)COOH) • Formic Acid (HCOOH) • Hydrochloric acid (strong acid) • Sea water, human blood, soft drinks • Active muscles, milk, microorganisms • Poison in stings from ants & nettle plants. • Stomach acid Mostly Weak Acids Biological Importance

  10. Bases (Alkaline) • An alkaline solution contains more hydroxide (OH-) than hydrogen (H+) ions. • Bases taste BITTER • Bases feel SLIPPERY • Ph>7 / Litmus turns BLUE • Ex: soap, baking soda, bleach, ammonia, “draino”

  11. Neutralization Reaction • Acid + Base Salt + H2O • Ex:HCL + NaOHNaCl + H2O • Buffer: chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of acids & bases. • Buffers keep pH constant. • Buffers are composed of a weak acid + conjugate base.

  12. Affect of pH on Proteins • Proteins DENATURE when pH changes • Buffer solutions are necessary to keep the correct pH for enzymes (proteins) in many organisms to work. Curdled Milk

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