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International Credentials Workshop. International Credentials Workshop. Credentials 801: Basics for the Non-specialist. Douglas Dombrosky SESD/CGSR January, 2007. Overview. Basic Document procedures Basic Transcripts: the B side Basic Systems: United States British French (20 point)
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International Credentials Workshop Credentials 801: Basics for the Non-specialist Douglas Dombrosky SESD/CGSR January, 2007
Overview • Basic Document procedures • Basic Transcripts: the B side • Basic Systems: • United States • British • French (20 point) • Russia • Basic Credit Units • Basic Calculations • Awards Coffee Breaks!!
Basic Document Procedures • Admission Average • Official or Attested Academic Credentials • Acceptable Translations • Final Academic Credentials • Comparable Degrees • Credentials Required • Fraudulent Credentials Source: Academic Credential Basics Workshop Retreived from: http://www.grad.uiuc.edu/admissions/workshops/2006/academic_credential_files/v3_document.htm Date: January 10, 2007
Official or Attested Academic Credentials • Official Letterhead / Transcript Paper • Seal or Stamp and Signature of Registrar • Received in sealed envelopes – directly from the Institution • Both Original and English versions are required. • Recognized institution
Official or Attested Academic Credentials • If original language credential received directly from Institution. English translations may be accepted from: • Applicant’s institution • Government agency in institution’s country • U of S Faculty member or staff (but not student) • Copies from a Notary Public are not acceptable • Copies of international credentials from other North American institutions are not acceptable.
Final Academic Credential • Degree conferred listed on transcript orcertificate of degree. • Degree date listed on transcript or certificate of degree
Things to look for • Does the biographical information match? • Do the pictures match? • Do the timelines agree? • Does the translation agree with original language. • Should be a translation not an interpretation. • Do referees exist and are not related? • White out?
Grading Systems • Grade interpretation is no more objective than grading. • Fairness is more important than accuracy. • Grade categories/classes convey core information. • Average grades mean more than individual grades. Capturing the Message Conveyed by Grades: interpreting Foreign Grades by Guy Haug, Word Education News and Reviews 12,2:12-17, 1997
Everything is changing … … all the time … … continuously … … quickly …
University of Saskatchewan Grading system
Ontario Grading system: 2001 • Level 4 = A or excellent (exceeds provincial standard, 80%-100%) • Level 3 = B or good (meets provincial standard, 70%-79%) • Level 2 = C or average (approaches provincial standard, 60%-69%) • Level 1 = D or poor (well below provincial standard, 50%-59%) • Level 0 = F or failing (remedial action necessary, 0%-49%) Retrieved frrom: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_in_the_United_States January 08, 2007
Four Grading Systems • United States • British • French (20 point) • Russian From: International Educator, Credentials Evaluation for the Nonspecialist, Volume Xi, Number 3, Summer 2002, p. 18-23. by Foley, C. & McKown II, R.
United States Pattern Grading scales include: Letter (alpha), 4 point, and descriptions Example countries: United States, South Korea, Taiwan Variations: Mexico, People’s Republic of China, United Arab Emirates
China • Universities in China are rapidly improving. • Key Institutions and now 211 Institutions are receiving large amounts of Government money. • The new Admission & Recruitment Committee will be looking at specific Institutions.
British Pattern A United Kingdom 3 year degree is accepted for entrance into Graduate Studies. (Except India, Sri Lanka) Exams play an important part of the process. Typically do not use credit units - but that is changing. Example countries: Britain, Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria. Variations: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Singapore
British Pattern * Bold designates Honours degrees
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry • Passing grades: • O for Outstanding • E for Exceeds Expectations • A for Acceptable • Failing grades: • P for Poor • D for Dreadful • T for Troll • Fred and George Weasley once claimed that they should get at least an E on everything, since they exceeded expectations by just showing up.
French Pattern ( 20 pt ) The Maitrise degree is equivalent to the 4 year Canadian Degree – although the degree might be called other things in other countries. The “coefficients” system is similar to Credit Units. Example countries: France, Francophone Africa, Iran, Afghanistan Variations: Haiti
Russian Pattern Countries were originally part of the old Russian Federation Since the original system no longer exists, every country is developing in their own direction – therefore least predictable Usually contact hours are listed instead of credit units In the past marks and exams were hand written books like bank pass books. Common Countries: USSR, Russian Federation, Mongolia, Variations: Estonia, Latvia, Romania, Vietnam
Credit Units • The admission average is a weighted average - calculated on the last 60 credit units of an undergraduate program. • 60 CUs is the last half of the usual four year program of 120 CUs. • Not all countries list credit units or even contact hours.
Credit Units • Therefore: • If there are CUs – use the whole term including the 60th cu. • If credit hours – about ½ of the hours. • If neither: • Use about 20 classes or • Use ½ the classes.
Basic Calculation • Calculate Weighted Average • CUs * Grading: • Use original scales if possible. • If alpha scale (A, B, C), use middle of the range provided on original transcript. • Failed courses: • If retaken – use best mark and disregard first • Covert Failure to F grade equivalent.
Admission Average Grade Conversion • Know the minimum score acceptable out of the maximum.
Grade Conversion 50% 15 15/30 U of S 30
Grade Conversion 50% 10 10/20 China 20
Min (0%) Max (100%) U of S China 90% (China) = 85% (UofS) Good B 90% - 10% ≠ 85% 80% (China) = 70% (UofS) 100% (China) = 100% (UofS) ½ way (China) = ½ way (UofS)
70+7.5=77.5% 25% of 30 30 ? 7.5 U of S China 5 20 5/20 25% ¼ of the way
OR 5 * 30 = ? * 20 7.5