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Causes of WWII. Totalitarianism. Used to describe Fascist Italy, National Socialist Germany, and Communist USSR Aspired to control over peoples’ consciousness, behavior, and social, political, and cultural life New to the 20 th c Abolishes all competing parties
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Totalitarianism Used to describe Fascist Italy, National Socialist Germany, and Communist USSR Aspired to control over peoples’ consciousness, behavior, and social, political, and cultural life New to the 20th c Abolishes all competing parties Eliminates or regulates private institutions Determine what ppl should believe Leader is seen as invincible Believed that conflict was driving force in history
Fascism Fascism= combination of militant nationalism & totalitarianism Benito Mussolini in power in Italy in 1922 State is valued over the individual Those who disagree= flee or be killed
Nazism Adolf Hitler- Austrian who served in the German army in WWI 1931 took control of National Socialist German Workers’ Party= NAZI Party Becomes Der Führer leader “master race”= Mein Kampf crystallization of his antisemitism Belief in Lebensraum= “living space”
Video- BBC Bitesize A short video
Tensions in the Pacific Japan becomes aggressive and tries to expand empire 1931 Japan invades Manchuria China plea’s for League of Nations’ help League members refuse- fear it will create larger conflict
Failure of League of Nations Mussolini invades Ethiopia- no response Hitler ignores Treaty of Versailles • Builds large military • Stops reparation payments • Takes back the Rhineland • Takes control of parts of Austria & Czechoslovakia
Failure of League of Nations Cont’ Hitler promises League he only wants to unite German speakers League could not fight back- expensive to wage war & no economic means Policy= Appeasement concede to some demands, Hitler would be satisfied, thus war could be avoided League fails at preventing war
Germany Invades Poland Aug 23, 1939 Hitler & Stalin sign non-aggression pact USSR unable to get British & French to sign (they hate Communism) Germany invades Poland w/o fear of USSR Germany invades using blitzkrieg or lightning warfare Ends appeasement w/ LofN, WWII begins