Canadian Asphalt Technology: Threats and Opportunities

1. Canadian Asphalt Technology:Threats and Opportunities Susan Tighe, PhD, PEng Canada Research Chair in Pavement and Infrastructure Management Associate Professor, Associate Director Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology, CPATT Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering | University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. West | Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1

2. Outline of Presentation • Where were we/Where are we? • Where are we going? • Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology • Lessons Learned Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

3. Past and Present • Asphalt industry: goals, evolution • Technology characterizing the industry • Examples of accomplishments • Major issues • Expectations and opportunities for future Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

4. EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS PUBLIC AGENCIES RESEARCHERS AND ACADEMICS ASPHALT INDUSTRY PRODUCERS / SUPPLIERS CONTRACTORS CONSULTANTS Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

5. Industry Goals • 1. Smooth, safe, economical pavements • 2. Life-cycle effectiveness • 3. Safety • 4. Quality materials • 5. Productivity • 6. Aesthetics and environmental protection • 7. Commitment to continuing improvements, education, training and research Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

6. Key Areas of Practice • 1. Materials • 2. Design • 3. Construction • 4. Maintenance • 5. Environmental Management • 6. Pavement Management Systems • 7. Research, Education, & Training Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

7. Materials • 1960’s … Harder Binders, introduction of minimum viscosity minimum viscosity @ 135°C, Brampton Test Road, 1967 St. Anne Test Road • 1980’s …Engineered asphalts, LTPP Program • 1990’s …Performance Graded Binders, C-SHRP, Large Scale Use of RAP • 2000’s …Superpave, Life Cycle Economics, CPATT Test Road, SERUL Test Road, ARRI Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

8. Design • 1940’s … Heavy aircraft design loads • 1960’s …CGRA’s Design Guide, 1977 TAC Design Guide, 1997 TAC Design Guide • 1970’s …Experience, Empirical Based Design • 1980’s …Mechanistic-Empirical Design • 1990’s …C-SHRP Experiment • 2000’s …Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, FAA Airport Design Guides, Perpetual Pavements Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

9. Construction • 1960's … Intr. of hot oil heat, multiple cold feed bins, hot storage, etc. • 1970's …Higher tonnage mix production capability • 1980's …New technologies (eg. MTV) • 1990's …ISO 9000 certifications • 1990's …Movement to ERS, Night Paving, Weekend Work • 2000’s …Warranty Specifications, Toll Facilities, PPP Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

10. Maintenance • 1970's … Effectiveness of crack rout and seal • 1980's … Movement from in house to large scale privatization of maintenance • 1990's … Demonstration of effectiveness of preventive maintenance treatments, Automation of Techniques • 2000’s … Long Term Performance Contracts, Workzone Safety, PPP, Privatized Funding, Life Cycle Costing Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

11. Environmental Management • 1970's … Recycling technology • 1980's … Improvements to stack emissions, burner technology, plants, equipment • 1990's … Extensive research on asphalt fumes, RAP, Recycling • 2000’s … Introduction of other by-products into asphalt, Introduction of Green Roads, Warm Asphalt, Reduced Emissions Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

12. Pavement Management Systems • 1960's …Introduction of concept • 1970’s …Pavement Management Guide RTAC • 1980's … Widespread implementation of PMS, Consultants with special PMS expertise, Intro of High speed data capture • 1990’s … Optimization, Performance Models • 2000’s … Automated Systems, Asset Management, Financial Accounting Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

13. Research, Education, & Training • 1960's … Development of curriculum, text books, seminars • 1970’s … Recognition of value of education & research, EIT Programs • 1980's … SHRP and C-SHRP, National Training & Research Partnerships • 1990's … National and International Conferences, EIT, CET Programs • 2000’s … Succession planning, Major Research Programs, New Professors Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

14. Threat or Opportunity? Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

15. GNP ROADS Future • Increased costs of materials and construction • Inadequate funding • Privatization • Green Roads • More Reliable Design Techniques • Asset Management • Social/Technical/Economic/Political/ Sustainable Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

16. Opportunity Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

17. Opportunities • WE are fortunate to be Canadian • Greening Roads for Sustainability • Improving Recycling – Saving the Planet • Learn from past • Be Proactive on Climate Change • Leverage: Technically Savy Next Generation • Design and Build Smart Long Life Pavements • Make the Most of the Challenge Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

18. Context of CPATT Research • Linking laboratory to field testing • Evaluate the use of innovative materials, designs and management practices • Improved life cycle costs, sustainability • Assimilation of new technologies • Provide leadership to Canadian transportation community (environment/loading) • Working with partners Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

19. RESEARCH PARTNERS: PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS AND UNIVERSITIES Board of Directors University Research Team Responsible for Planning, Management and Conduct Policies of the Research Program I N T E G R A T E D CENTRAL LAB FACILITY AT MAIN FIELD FACILITY AND TEST UNIVERSITYOF WATERLOO SITE AT REGION OF WATERLOO Satellite Test Sites Liaison With Other Labs RESEARCH PRODUCTS, APPLICATIONS AND TRAINING

20. Laboratory Testing • Examining material characterization properties (recycled products, warm asphalt) • Using innovative tools to measure noise characteristics • Full sized freezer to test materials (-40C) • Working with data loggers to improve in-situ measurements (seasonal load restrictions) • Relate lab mixes to construction – consider workability Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

21. Leung et al Uzarowski et al Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

22. Leung et al Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

23. Integrating Laboratory Testing • Demonstrating differences between materials • Using innovative tools to measure noise characteristics • Calibrating design models using finite element, finite differences, mechanistic empirical methods • Technical/economic/sustainable designs • Moving laboratory to field Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

24. Innovative Materials and Design Warm Asphalt (WA) & Porous Asphalt (PA) • Reduces Emissions, Longer Hauls (WA) • Innovative Technology (WA) • Structurally same as conventional (WA) • Assists with Stormwater Management (PA) • Excellent Potential for Parking Lots ad Low Volume Roadways (PA) • Structural and Hydrological Design (PA) • Assist with Climate Change (WA&PA) Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

25. Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

26. Dense Graded Asphalt Cored Sample Porous Asphalt Cored Sample Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

27. Cored sample for dynamic modulus testing Dynamic modulus sensor configuration of three linear variable differential transducers (LVDT’s) Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

28. Environmental Management • Asphalt • Rubber Tires • Asphalt Shingles • Glass • Shingles • Concrete Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

29. Environmentally Management • Divert Previously Used Shingles from dumping sites & incorporate them into asphalt mixes • What percentage of RAS is optimal? • Increase % of RAP? • Green Pavement Designs? • Increase % of Recycling? Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

30. Shingles? • Develop a RAP (Recycled Asphalt Pavement) product with RAS and RAP • Maintain or improve performance characteristics of conventional RAP products • Improve economics of Hot Mix • Think Green! Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

31. Recycled Shingle Stockpile

32. Field Testing: CPATT Test Track • Field performance of three premium surface course mix technologies • Traffic/Environmental Impacts on Pavement Design • Training and Education of Students • Testing of Innovative Monitoring Equipment • Evaluation of WIM • Assisted in developing satellite test sites (Perpetual Pavement, GTAA, City of Hamilton) Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

33. First truly controlled study Integrated CPX and PBM Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

34. More robust instrumentation & Test methods Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

35. Field Testing: Satellite Sites • Warm Asphalt – City of Hamilton – Joint Solution • Recycled Asphalt Shingles – Miller/Town of Markham • Perpetual Pavement – MTO/OHMPA – Highway 401 Woodstock • Quiet Pavements – Region of Waterloo • Automated Distress Collection – MTO/Stantec/Fugro-Roadware/Applied Research Associates Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

36. Lessons Learned • Good technology and People in Canadian Pavement Industry • Structural/Environmental data fundamental • Two staged process: lab testing/field testing • Experimental Design Essential!!! • Public-Private –Academic Partnerships Work • Adoption of New Materials and Designs • Think Green!!! Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned

37. “What lies behind us and • what lies before us are • small matters compared to • what lies within us” • Emerson • Opportunity