Vocabulary Ch 17-18

1. Absolute monarch Divine right Armada Intendant Balance of Power Dissenter Habeas corpus Limited monarchy Elector Mercenary Depopulation Westernization Boyar Warm-water port Natural law Social contract Natural right Philosophe Physiocrat Laissez faire Censorship Enlightened despot Constitutional government Cabinet Prime minister Oligarchy Popular sovereignty Loyalist Federal republic Vocabulary Ch 17-18

2. Grab a book and write the definitions on your warm-up sheet (ch. 14). Armada Divine right of Kings Absolutism Natural Rights Czar Day One - Warm-up

3. The Age of AbsolutismThe Enlightenment and the American Revolution 1500 to 1800 40

4. The Age of Absolutism-Spain Philip II...great grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella- Expanded Spanish influence • *Made absolute monarch • Believed in divine right • *Spain became the most powerful state in Europe- due to new world

5. *Spain's Decline • Inflation- to much gold and silver • Costly overseas wars • Taxed the middle class • Expulsion of Jews and Muslims • Reduced skilled artisans and merchants

6. France- Under Louis XIV • Religious wars tore France apart in the late 1500s • Assumed absolute power in 1661 • *Was a workaholic, Divine Right • France the most powerful Europe • 300,000 paid full time army • *Versailles • Became the seat of government • 10,000 lived there • Nobles vied for privileges and paid no taxes

7. Absolute Monarchy in Russia • *Peter the Great • Absolute Monarch • Importing western technology • Russia expanded its territory, from the Baltic to the Pacific • *Catherine the Great • Achieved a warm-water port on the Black Sea by waging war against the Ottoman empire

8. Summary Write four or more sentences, summarizing your notes to this point.

9. England-The Tudors • Henry VIII to Elizabeth ... 1485 to 1603 • *Worked with Parliament • Spanish Armada..1588 • Sir Frances Drake

10. The Stuart kings • *Clashed with Parliament • Over royal authority, money, foreign policy, and religion • *Charles I- 1625 • Wanted divine right • Dissolved Parliament • Tried to arrest House of Commons Leader

11. Civil War 1642 to 1649 • *Cavaliers and Roundheads • Victorious Parliament executed Charles in 1649 • Ended the monarchy • Created a republic headed by Oliver Cromwell • Censorship- closed taverns, theaters, no dancing • No religious toleration

12. *The Glorious Revolution • 1660 Monarchy returned • Divine Right, religious toleration • Avoid absolute monarch in future • *English Bill of Rights • House of Commons given the power of the purse • Habeas corpus • A limited monarchy

13. Summary Write four or more sentences, summarizing your notes to this point.

14. The Enlightenment and the American Revolution (1715–1800) • Philosophy in the Age of Reason • Enlightenment thinkers called *philosophes...’Lovers of Wisdom’ • Natural laws to solve social, political, and economic problems. The reasoning of men could free them of their ills and lead them to peace, security, a good government and ideal society. Reason would ensure the progress of humanity and entire society.

15. *Thomas Hobbes pessimistic…1651 People were naturally bad Government needed to be strict to control Social contract An entire society agrees to be governed by its general will *John Locke optimistic…1690 Natural rights...to life liberty and property People formed governments to protect rights If governments failed then the people could overthrow them Political Thinkers

16. *Most Europeans remained peasants Lived in small rural villages Untouched by Enlightenment ideas *Peasant life Western…tenant farmers or paid labor Eastern…many were still serfs Music Johann Sebastian Bach..organ and choirs Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart... operas, symphonies and religious Other Changes

17. Summary Write four or more sentences, summarizing your notes to this point.

18. Grab a book and begin reading the section “Economics” on pg. 521. Answer the following questions in complete sentences! What did the physiocrats believe? What does laissez-faire mean? Who provided the best statements on laissez-faire? What was the title of his book? According to Adam Smith, what were the 3 roles of government? Tuesday - Warm-up

19. Britain at Mid-Century 1700's • Had Risen to World Power • Island location • Colonial possessions • Favorable business climate • Powerful navy

20. Birth of the American Republic • 13 colonies in America, controlled by British • British taxes • Trade restrictions • An attack on their rights as British citizens • Especially since they had no representation in Parliament • “Intolerable Acts” • Accused Colonists could be tried in England • American homes were forced to host British troops • Boston Harbor was closed

21. American Revolution • 1770... Boston Massacre 5 people killed • 1773... Boston Tea Party Protest of taxes • 1775... War!!! • 1776... Declaration of war

22. “We hold these truths” John Locke

23. *The British Had a professional army Lots of money Occupied most majors cities 1/3 of colonists were loyalists 1/3 did not care *The Americans Few military resources Little money Fighting on their own ground Controlled the countryside The War 1775 to 1781Looked bleak at the start

24. The French Alliance 1777 Battle of Saratoga convinced the French to join Supplied ... arms, training and warships Netherlands and Spain also joined *Treaty of Paris... 1781 United States of America recognized New boundaries to the Mississippi river The End of the War John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin,

25. Separation of powers and checks and balances Natural rights Consent of the governed Freedom of Speech *The United States Constitution would serve as a model for other democratic nations. A new Constitution*Inspired by Enlightenment ideas

26. Summary Write four or more sentences, summarizing your notes to this point.

27. America the Beautiful

28. The End The French Revolution is next Read Chapter 19