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EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY . Session I 09:30 - 10:15 Dr Deepak B Phatak, IIT Bombay. SESSION OVERVIEW. Definition of IT Technology That Permits Us To Capture, Validate, Store, Retrieve, Analyse, Present, Disseminate, And Archieve Information Growth Of Modern IT.

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EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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  1. EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Session I 09:30 - 10:15 Dr Deepak B Phatak, IIT Bombay

  2. SESSION OVERVIEW • Definition of IT • Technology That Permits Us To Capture, Validate, Store, Retrieve, Analyse, Present, Disseminate, And Archieve Information • Growth Of Modern IT Evolution Of IT

  3. FIVE DECADES OF COMPUTER EVOLUTION • The Dark Ages • The Early Electronic Era • The Middle Ages • Proliferation of the IT Culture • The Current Scenario • What does the Future hold Evolution Of IT

  4. PRE-HISTORIC COMPUTERS • Mechanical Computers • Electro-Mechanical Machines • The Early Electronic Era Evolution Of IT

  5. MECHANICAL COMPUTERS • Wilhelm Schickhard 1623 • Blaise Pascal 1642 • Gottfried Liebniz 1671 • Charles Babbage • Difference Engine 1823 • Analytical Engine 1834 Evolution Of IT

  6. Mechanical/Electro-mechanical • Arithmometre, Charles Thoma 1820 • Comptometer, D.E. Felt 1885 • Puched-Card Tabulating Machine • Hervnan Hollerith (Census Data) 1890 • Comparing Tabulating Recording Company 1911 • Renamed IBM 1924. Evolution Of IT

  7. Mechanical/Electro-mechanical • Mechanical Computer Z1 • by Konrad Zuse 1938 • Design of General Purpose Computer • Howard Aiken 1937 • Harvard Mark I 1939 - 1944 Evolution Of IT

  8. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS • Information Transmission at Speed of Light (3,00,000 km/s) • Triode Vacuum Tube • Lee De Forest 1906 • Attempts by Atanasoft in Late 1930’s Evolution Of IT

  9. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS • ENIAC built • John W. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert • 30 tons, over 18,000 Vacuum Tubes • Calculation of Ballistics tables • 3 ms for one addition Evolution Of IT

  10. STORED PROGRAM ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS • John Von Neumann (1903 - 1957) • Consultant to ENIAC Project • Proposed EDVAC 1945 • EDVAC completed in 1951 Evolution Of IT

  11. STORED PROGRAM ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS • Manchester MARK I • Williams & Kilburn 1946 • First stored Program • 21 June 1948 (GC tootill’s diary) • 3.5 million operations to calculate highest factor of an integer. • 1,30,000 numbers tested, 52 Min. Evolution Of IT

  12. 1945 - 1955 • Software in Machine Language • Assembly Languages Evolve • Work Begins on Higher Level Languages. Evolution Of IT

  13. 1956 - 1965 • FORTRAN Invented in 1956 • COBOL Defined & Released in 1960 • Algol Developed in Europe • 3GL Programming Becomes The Backbone of Application Software • Operating Systems Begin Maturing Evolution Of IT

  14. 1956 - 1965 (Contd.) • Hardware “Generations” evolve • Transistors Deployed in Second Generation Machines • Early Integrated Circuits Mark Third Generation beginning. Evolution Of IT

  15. 1966 - 1975 • VLSI, 4th Generation Hardware • Birth of the Microprocessor • Intel 1972 • Main-Frame Centric Computing Becomes Main Stay • Direct Access Storage Devices. Evolution Of IT

  16. 1966 - 1975 (Contd.) • Software Crisis Recognized • S/W Maintenance Receives Attention • CODASYL Defines First Data Base Management System Evolution Of IT

  17. 1966 - 1975 • Codd’s work on RDBMS released • IBM System R • Early work on UNIX and C Evolution Of IT

  18. 1976 - 1985 • RDBMS gains Acceptance • UNIX Replaces proprietary O.S. • Software Engineering Methodologies • Mature and get adopted • Emergence of Standards Evolution Of IT

  19. 1976 - 1985 (Contd.) • Electronics Goes Sub Micron • Processor Does One Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) • Winchester Technology for Disks • Semiconductor Memory Used Evolution Of IT

  20. 1986 - 1995 • Microsoft emerges as the main PC Software Company • Client - Server Computing matures • Object Technologies Gain acceptance • RDBMS products standardization, SQL, SQL-2, Draft SQL3 Evolution Of IT

  21. 1986 - 1995 (Contd.) • DSS, Data Warehousing Defined • On Line Analytical Processing • Notions of Data Mining Emerge • Rapid Growth of Internet • World Wide Web (WWW) • Intranets for Corporate Computing Evolution Of IT

  22. 1986 - 1995 (Contd.) • Transaction Processing better understood. • Evoluation of SMP and MPP architectures • Digital announces one BIPS processor Evolution Of IT

  23. 1986 - 1995 (Contd.) • Serious work begins on Embedded Systems • LAN’s and WAN’s Gain Momentum • Network Computer Emerges Evolution Of IT

  24. CURRENT SCENARIO • Broad spectrum of Resources • Very Large (24 x 7) OLTP Servers • Distributed Computing is the Norm • Embedded Systems are Evolving • Smart Cards • Intelligent Appliances Evolution Of IT

  25. CURRENT SCENARIO • Massive Data Warehouses • Packaged Software Gains Currency • Make V/s Buy Decision • Media Independent Data Formats • Flexible Delivery Mechanisms Evolution Of IT

  26. THE EMERGING FUTURE • Internet Outlets in all Buildings • Information Bonanza • Anywhere, Anytime, Any form • Intelligent Appliances Everywhere • Software Crisis will Deepen • Change Management ?? Evolution Of IT

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