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Taxonomy

Taxonomy. Why Classify?. Organizes l iving t hings into groups Gives us a universal way to name organisms Helps in identifying new species or known species Shows how closely organisms are related Prevents misconceptions: ex: jellyfish and starfish are not actually fish. What is Taxonomy?.

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Taxonomy

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  1. Taxonomy

  2. Why Classify? • Organizes living things into groups • Gives us a universal way to name organisms • Helps in identifying new species or known species • Shows how closely organisms are related • Prevents misconceptions: ex: jellyfish and starfish are not actually fish.

  3. What is Taxonomy? • Taxonomy is the study of classifying organisms. • Taxonomy: names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history

  4. History of Taxonomy • Aristotle was the first person to classify organisms in writing. • He divided things into: • Animals: Lived in air, water or on land • Plants: differentiated by stems • Early classification caused problems: • They used common names which are different around the world • Also used long names with descriptive terms called polynomial names.

  5. History Cont. • In the 1700’s in Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus fixed these problems. • Linnaeus created binomial nomenclature which is still used today. • Binomial Nomenclature means two names • Every Organism is given a scientific name based on its Genus and Species • But what are genus and species? • They are each 1 part of the 8 levels of classification.

  6. 8 Levels of Classification Domain is the largest and least specific level • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • Dignified Kings Play Chess on Fuzzy Green Sofas *These levels of classification are based on an organisms evolutionary chain how it has evolved over time **Two organisms with the same genus are more closely related than those with the same kingdom Species is the smallest and most specific level

  7. Naming • The name of an organism depends on its levels of classification. Domain is often ignored. • Names are in Latin- it is universal in all languages • Ex: Humans • Brain Pop

  8. Writing Names • Scientific Names are always written as: • Genus species • The first letter of Genus is always CAPITALIZED • species is written in all lowercase letters • The entire name is either italicized orunderlined • Ex: Human NameHomo sapienor Homo sapien

  9. More Examples Eucleadelphinii Common Name: spiny oak slug Odobenusrosmarus Common Name: Walrus

  10. The Three Domains • Eubacteria- these are seen as spheres rods and spirals (most bacteria)—no nucleus • Archaebacteria- found in harsh environments. Thought to be the first organisms on earth.—no nucleus • Eukarya- made up of: • Protists • Plants • Fungi • Animals

  11. Domains are divided into Six Kingdoms • Eubacteria- same as domain– have no nucleus • Archaebacteria- same as domain—have no nucleus • Protista- have a nucleus • Plantae—photosynthesize, have cell wall • Fungi—take up nutrients from dead organisms • Animalia—multi-cellular, eat food to get nutrients • Brain Pop

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