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Chapter 5 Relations Between States: Power and Influence

Chapter 5 Relations Between States: Power and Influence. Michelle Davenport, Alex Latham, and Natalie Youch. Soft Power: (structural power) -involves the ability of state A to influence the context surrounding state B’s decisions. Two Aspects of Power Power = Capabilities + Influence.

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Chapter 5 Relations Between States: Power and Influence

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  1. Chapter 5 Relations Between States: Power and Influence Michelle Davenport, Alex Latham, and Natalie Youch

  2. Soft Power: (structural power) -involves the ability of state A to influence the context surrounding state B’s decisions Two Aspects of Power Power= Capabilities + Influence Removing some options altogether (structure of situation) Influence agenda of issues under consideration (keeping certain things off internat’l agenda) Influence over values held by other states (exercising influence through attraction) • Power & Influence • Realism: actors seek power & aim to dominate others- crit. Power takes many forms • Power: ability to overcome obstacles & influence others • -conflicts of interest • States resolve in ways other than military:use influence Power & Capability: what is possible relates to what is @ one’s disposal -physical objects, talents, or quality -affects others’ perception Influence (behavioral power): “A’s ability to get B to do something B would not otherwise do.” Capability: crucial to a state’s credibility -carrying out a threat or promise Compellence (cohersive diplomacy): halt the course of action it’s already pursuing Ex. OPEG & oil embargo National Capabilities: Tangible Elements Geography & Demography -nat’l attributes of land mass, large area-natural resource endowment, national defense (people) Economic & Military Resources -wealth& economic growth, military Comparing Capabilities: Indexes of power -power & influence depend on a combo of capabilities Detterence: influences another actor not to do something it would otherwise do. Ex. Cold war & USSR nuclear weapons • Potential Power

  3. National Capabilities: Intangible ElementsResources converted to Capabilities, & Capabilities into Influence? Diplomatic Influence • State must maintain political, social, and economic structures that permits it to mobilize for gov’tmental use. The resources that exist w/in its borders and to convert those resources into instruments of foreign policy influence. • Intangible’s Important to smaller states: • Leadership • Belief in a cause • Cohesion resulting from a threat to survival “Foreign policy is what you do, diplomacy is how you do it.” • Diplomacy is usually regarded as a peaceful means of state interaction. • “coercive diplomacy” • Parliamentary Diplomacy • Diplomatic Immunity • Aspects directing the efforts in pursuit of nat’l goals: • Size • Organization • Effectiveness General Aims: -representation -communication -conflict management -protection of citizens & interests abroad -cultural exchange between states -management of foreign policy decisions of a country • Intelligence: a state’s ability to collect & analyze intelligence • Advantages through Intelligence: • Any govt. that knows how to get where it wants to go • Any govt. that reduces uncertainty of internat’l eviornment • Any govt. that reduces the # of times it is surprised –more planning and prep. Practicing Diplomacy: -bargaining & negotiation 3 types of info: Deals with goals Knowledge of others’ military and eco. Strength Feedback of their decisions Negotiation: Making a commitment to deal in good faith Bargaining over terms of the agreement Identify range of feasible agreements, make it as close as one country’s ideal pt.

  4. “Conflict Resolution”Conflicts are more than just misunderstandings in global settings • Examples: • Same territory desired • Want to control same govt. machinery • Fish the same waters • Several Types of Conflict Resolution • Through Conquest • Forcible submission • Compellence or deterrence • Military force • Conflicts are solved through • Diplomacy: negotiated compromise • Third Party mediation or arbitration • Adjudication: UN example- International courts • Military & Economic Influence: When diplomacy doesn’t work…violence. • Military Force • Objective: to influence the outcome • Exploits use of force or threat • Key to diplomacy • Rational atmosphere • Mutual respect • Open communication • Economic Persuasion • Apply economic coercion • Developed country vs. Developing country Negotiation can end by promises of rewards, persuasion, or reliance on legitimacy of claim

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