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Warning: Drug Resistant Superbugs Found in Three states

Warning: Drug Resistant Superbugs Found in Three states. By Clay FOrshey. Some BACKgROUND. Infectious diseases are commonly treated with antibiotics, antimicrobial agents usually produced by a bacterium or fungus.

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Warning: Drug Resistant Superbugs Found in Three states

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  1. Warning: Drug Resistant Superbugs Found in Three states By Clay FOrshey

  2. Some BACKgROUND • Infectious diseases are commonly treated with antibiotics, antimicrobial agents usually produced by a bacterium or fungus. • Certain genes however have the ability to transform bacteria into ‘super bugs’ which are resistant to these antibiotics • Although rare in the United States, the problem is common throughout India and Pakistan • Over usage of antibiotics • Lack of clean water

  3. Definitions • Emerging Infectious Disease- (EID); A new or changing disease that is increase or has the potential to increase in incidence soon • Drug Resistance- reduction in effectiveness of a drug such as an antimicrobial in curing a disease or condition. • NDM-1 - New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of Beta Lactam antibiotics • Beta Lactam - Organic Molecule containing three carbons and one nitrogen - Penicillin nucleus with Beta lactam ring in the center

  4. Porins are proteins that cross a cellular membrane and act as a pore through which molecules can diffuse.

  5. The News • Recently three pathogenic cases have been reported in the United States as a result of NDM 1’s ability to transform these bacteria, as well as dozens more reported in England • New cases have been linked to those who have recently been treated in India for urinary and stomach infections. • The cases involved were unrelated: three different states, three different bacterium, and three different mechanisms by which the gene became a part of the victim • Case I: California Woman was admitted to an Indian hospital as result of a car accident • Case II: Illinois man likely contracted it from a urinary catheter in an Indian Hospital • Case III: Massachusetts woman who had chemotherapy and cancer surgeries

  6. From the Expert’s Mouth • "It's a great concern because drug resistance has been rising and few new antibiotics are in development…It's just a matter of time until the gene spreads more widely person-to-person” • Linsay Grayson; head of the American Society for Microbiology conference held each year in Boston

  7. So what can we do to prevent this? • Don't add to the drug resistance problem, • Don’t pressure your physician for antibiotic • Use the antibiotics prescribed to you properly • Practice Good Hygiene • The disease is commonly spread hand to mouth and is part of the reason it is so widespread in India • Isolation • Patient is isolated from the hospital • Close contacts are also tested

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