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HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN PALEOCEANOGRAPHY

HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN PALEOCEANOGRAPHY. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SPANISH COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (CSIC) BARCELONA. WE ARE NOW THIS PEOPLE JOAN O. GRIMALT (Profesor de investigación)

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HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN PALEOCEANOGRAPHY

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  1. HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN PALEOCEANOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SPANISH COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (CSIC) BARCELONA

  2. WE ARE NOW THIS PEOPLE JOAN O. GRIMALT (Profesor de investigación) JORDI F. LOPEZ (Contracted post-doct) CONSTANCIA LOPEZ-MARTINEZ (Ph.D. student) MONTSERRAT FERRER (Ph.D. student) BELEN MARTRAT (Ph.D. student) TERESA RODRIGUES (Ph.D. student) MONTSERRAT ESPARZA (Ph.D. student) BEATRIZ LUENGO (technician)

  3. THIS PEOPLE HAS ALSO BEEN ANTONI ROSELL-MELE, 1994 (in Bristol) JOAN VILLANUEVA. PhD. 1995 CARLES PELEJERO. PhD. 2000 ISABEL CACHO. PhD. 2000 EVA CALVO. PhD. 2001

  4. HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN PALEOCEANOGRAPHY Work with sedimentsAnalysis of major compoundsAnalysis of stable compounds under early diagenesis

  5. C37:2 UK’37 = C37:3 + C37:2 BIOMARKERS n-ALKANES Higher plant inputs wind, rivers, vegetation changes n-ALKAN-1-OLS Marine productivity, Water masses ALKENONES and STEROLS SST UK’37 = 0.033 SST + 0.044

  6. 50 0 -50 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 ODP-977 ODP-1060c MD 98-2165 MD 00-2374

  7. MD95-2043 ODP-977A Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science NorthGRIP GRIP ODP-980 Velay T. Philippon testigo ODP-977A (la cuenca de Alboran)

  8. ODP-977A Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science altura (m) B. M. testigo ODP-977A (la cuenca de Alboran)

  9. Corriente de las Azores Modified Atlantic water (MAW) Corriente de las Canarias Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science altura (m) B. M. Modelo de circulación oceánica alrededor de la Península Ibérica (aguas superficiales)

  10. respuesta SST=10.4ºC SST=20.8ºC retention time Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Alquenona diinsaturada Alquenona triinsaturada Alquenona tetrainsaturada materiales y métodos: alquenonas C37

  11. Alquenona diinsaturada Alquenona triinsaturada Alquenona tetrainsaturada Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Brassell et al., 1986, Nature Müller et al., 1998, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta materiales y métodos: alquenonas C37

  12. NorthGRIP GRIP-GISP2 MD95-2043 ODP-977A Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Registros ODP-977A versus hielo de Groenlandia

  13. MD95-2043 Cacho et al., 1999, Paleoceanography Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Registros ODP-977Aversus hielo de Groenlandia (-1 climate cycle) Grootes et al., 1993, Nature

  14. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Registros ODP-977Aversus hielo de Groenlandia (-1 climate cycle) Dansgaard et al., 1993, Nature North GRIP members, 2004, Nature ODP-977A

  15. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Registros ODP-977Aversus hielo de Groenlandia ¿? (-2 climate cycle) Berger, 1978, J. Atmos. Sci. ODP-977A

  16. ODP-980 ODP-977A Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science ODP-977Aversusdetritos líticos en el Atlántico Norte

  17. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science ODP-977Aversusdetritos líticos (-1 climate cycle) McManus et al., 1999, Science ODP-977A Perez-Folgado et al., 2003, Mar. Micropaleontol.

  18. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science ODP-977Aversusdetritos líticos (-2 climate cycle) McManus et al., 1999, Science ODP-977A

  19. Velay T. Philippon ODP-977A Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Registros ODP-977Aversus polen Mediterráneo

  20. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science ODP-977Aversus polen Mediterráneo(-1 climate cycle) Reille et al., 2000, Quat. Sci. Tzedakis et al., 2003, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. ODP-977A

  21. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science ODP-977Aversus polen Mediterráneo(-2 climate cycle) Reille et al., 2000, Quat. Sci. Tzedakis et al., 2003, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. ODP-977A

  22. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Variabilidad climática a escala milenaria(-1 ciclo climático) Berger, 1978, J. Atmos. Sci. ODP-977A

  23. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Variabilidad climática a escala milenaria(-2 ciclo climático) Berger, 1978, J. Atmos. Sci. ODP-977A

  24. Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science Over the last 250.000 years abrupt climatic changes were more common at warmings than at coolings. Some of the most promiment changes occurred in the interglacial periods, after long periods of stability. After the last 250.000 years the climate was at relatively stable warm periods (interglacials or interstadials) while the duration of the glacial periods was shorter.

  25. 400 350 300 250 200 150 Atmospheric CO2 content PRESENT LEVEL 90 ppm INTERGLACIAL Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) 90 ppm GLACIAL

  26. CO2 increase in the atmosphere is changing the climatic conditions of the planet Average atmospheric temperature is increasing Ice melting could lead to disturbance (interruption) of thermohaline circulation There are not examples in the recent past (last 2000000 years) of a climatic situation with the present atmospheric composition in our planet We live within a climatic experiment in which our planet (and ourselves) are the experimental objects CO2 keeps increasing 1.5 ppm per year at least

  27. PUBLICATIONS • In the last 10 years (1996-2005) the group has published 50 papers in the leading international literature on paleoceanography • Three relevant publications in 2004: • B. Martrat, J.O. Grimalt, C. Lopez-Martinez, I. Cacho, F.J. Sierro, J.A. Flores, R. Zahn, M. Canals, J.H. Curtis and D.A. Hodell Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years. Science306, 1762-1765 (2004) • J.F. Lopez and J.O. Grimalt. Phenyl- and cyclopentylimino derivatization for double bond location in unsaturated C37-C40 alkenones by GC-MS. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry15, 1161-1172 (2004) • M.J. Vautravers, N.J. Shackleton, C. Lopez-Martinez and J.O. Grimalt. Gulf stream variability during marine isotope stage 3. Paleoceanography19, PA2011, doi:10.1029/2003PA000966 (2004)

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