Warm-up Exercises

2. Warm-up Exercises • Questions-answering • Listen to the song and answer the following questions • What is the song about? • According to the song, can you tell the life in the country of West Virginia?

3. Warm-up Exercises • Why do so many migrant workers move from the country to the city? • Discussion • Why do city people buy apartments or houses in the suburbs, even in the countryside?

4. Enjoy Pictures of Countryside & City

5. Beautiful countryside

6. Beautiful countryside

7. Beautiful countryside

8. Beautiful countryside

9. City life

10. City life

11. City life

12. City life

13. City life Vs country life Compare the city life & countryside life • Different aspects • Advantages Vs disadvantages • Which one do you prefer and why?

14. Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life --- By Jim Doherty Text A

15. General Comprehension Questions • What are the two things that the writer has always wanted to do? • Is life in the country easy for the writer and his family? • How do the writer and his family manage to live on a comparatively low income in the country? • What does the writer think are the special qualities necessary for leading a life the way they do? • How does the writer think he and his family will feel when they have to leave the farm someday?

16. Text Organization • Part I (Paras 1-3) The writer views his life in the country as a __________ and ________ one. • Part II (Paras 4-7) Life in the country is _____ but yet sometimes very _____. self-reliant satisfying good hard

17. Text Organization • Part III (Paras 8-11) After _____________ , the writer’s income was _______ ,but he and his family can manage to get by. • Part IV (Paras 12-15) A tolerance for _______ and a lot of ______ have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the county. quitting his job reduced solitude energy

18. Theme of the text • For the author and his family, living in the countryside improves the quality of life, but to achieve this, it takes special qualities: tolerance for solitude and energy, which makes it possible for them to enjoy this pleasant but sometimes harsh country life.

19. Text Analysis • This piece of writing is written in the first person. It is a piece of narrative writing. • Since the writer mainly describes the country life, he cannot avoid employing comparison and contrast between city life and country life.

20. Writing skills • 1. topic sentence+supporting details • (Para.2,3,4,6,7,10,11) • 2. transitional words • sequential words (Para.4,7,8) • other connectives (Para.10,12,14) • also in Text B (Para.7,8,9,11)

21. Who is E.B White? • born in 1899 in Mount Vernon, New York • began his writing career as a reporter and he ended it as one of the most celebrated children's authors of his time • won many awards for his writing, including a special Pulitzer Prize in 1978 • held honorary degrees from 7 American colleges and universities

22. His Works • Essays • One Man's Meat • Once More to the Lake • The Points of My Compass • The Second Tree from the Corner • The Essays of E.B. White • Letters of E.B. White • Poems and Sketches of E.B. White • The Wild Flag

23. His Works • Children's Books • Stuart Little  (1945 )  •    Charlotte’s Web    (1952) • The Trumpet of the Swan (1970) • Others • The Elements of Style • A subtreasury of American Humor • Is Sex Necessary? • Is This New York?

24. Language Points Part I get by (Line 3): be good enough but not very good; manage to live or do things eg: It is a bit hard for the old couple to get by on a small amount of pension. 如果我们坚持到底，我们就能熬过难关。 We’ll get by if we hold on to the end.

25. Part I Some phrases related to “get” • get across: be understood Did your speech get across to the students? 学生能理解你的演说吗？ • get away with: run away without being punished • The teller had been stealing money from the bank • and got away with it. 这个出纳一直在偷银行的钱却能侥幸逃脱。

26. Part I Some phrases related to “get” • get round to : finally do sth. after dealing with other matters eg: He got round to going back home in countryside for a short rest. 他终于能回乡村的家里短暂休息一下了。 • get through (Line 45): come successfully to the end • eg: We’ve stored enough food and fuel to get • through the cold winter. 为了度过寒冬，我们已经储备了足够的食物和燃料。

27. Part I make it (Line 9): be successful, fulfill the purpose eg:Having failed for thousands of times, he eventually made it. 她最后成功地成为了一家大公司的总裁。 She finally made it as a CEO of a big cor- poration.

28. Cultural Notes • Fahrenheit scale and Celsius scale They are both the scales of temperature. Fahrenheit scale was first established by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1715. On this scale, water freezes at 32 F and boils at 212 F. Celsius scale was first established by the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius in 1742. On this scale, water freezes at 0 C and boils at 100 C.

29. Part II haul(Line 16) • v. transport, as with a truck, cart, etc. eg: These farmers haul fruits and vegetables to the market on a cart in the early morning every day. v. pull or drag sth. with effort or force eg: A crane has to be used to haul the car out of the stream.

30. Part II supplement(Line 21) v. add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with) eg: 1) Forrest does occasional freelance to supplement his income. 2) The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A. supplementaryadj. additional, auxiliary

31. Part II indoor(Line 21) adj. situated or used inside a building eg: Tobacco smoke is considered as an indoor pollutant. 这个百万富翁的豪宅里有一个大的室内游泳池。 There is a large indoor swimming pool in the mansion of the millionaire.

32. Part II Confusable words • spray (Line 22):v.force out liquid in small drops upon (followed by with) eg: I’ll have to spray the roses with insecticide to get rid of the greenfly蚜虫. splash:v.to propel or scatter (a fluid) about in flying masses eg: The little boy splashed a page with ink.

33. Part II pursue (Line 26) v. strive to gain or accomplish eg: College students are advised to pursue a wide range of subjects. She decided to pursue her studies abroad after obtaining her Master Degree. 她决定得到硕士学位后到海外留学。 pursuit n. chase, search

34. Part III at that point (Line 47): at that very moment, right then eg: At that point, she was really miserable, working part-time and having two kids to support. At that point, so late in the day, we were too tired to go on. Phrases related to “point” in the point of: as far as to the point of: to a degree that can be described as sth.

35. Cultural Notes • Ivy League Ivy League now refers to the eight long-established colleges and universities in the northeastern US with a good reputation: Brown University in Providence, Columbia University in New York City, Cornell University in Ithaca, Dartmouth College in Hanover, Harvard University in Cambridge, Pennsylvania University in Philadelphia, Princeton University in Princeton, and Yale University in New Haven.

36. Part III on balance (Line 54): with all things considered eg: 1) On balance, it’s probably not advisable to change the company’s name. 2) I think, on balance, you are a tolerant and generous person.

37. Part III • illustrate (Line 56) • v. provide with visual features, clarify by use of examples, etc. eg: 1) Let me use another example to illustrate this difficult point. 2) The editor has illustrated the book with color photos.

38. Part III Confusable words illustrate:emphasizes “to explain sth. with examples or with photos and pictures”. explain :means “to give the reasons or reveal some puzzles of sth.” eg: He is explaining how a machine operates. interpret: means “to explain the meaning of sth. with imagination or some special knowledge”. eg: How do you interpret this poem?

39. Cultural Notes • Buying insurance People face many choices when buying insurance. Some of the most important of the criteria include: 1) the financial stability of the insurance company; 2) the price of the policies; 3) details of coverage and service. Most insurance falls into four main categories: 1) property and casualty; 2) life; 3) health and disability; 4) old-age and unemployment.

40. Part III • when it comes to: concerning • eg. When it comes to quality, it is first-rate. • You can never be too careful when it comes to children. • Direct speech is more convincing than indirect speech, esp. when it comes to expressing personal beliefs.

41. Part III minor(Line 67): • adj. lesser or smaller in amount or importance, etc. eg: Don’t worry. It is only a minor operation. • minor in（兼修）vs. major in（主修） eg: He majors in computer science, but he is also interested in Shakespeare’s plays, so he minors in literature. 他主修专业是计算机科学，但他对莎士比 亚的戏剧很感兴趣, 所以他辅修了文学专业。

42. Part III aside from (Line 69) except for, in addition to (more usual in AmE, same as apart from) eg: 1) This essay is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes. 2) Aside from an occasional game, he doesn't take any exercise.

43. Part III cut back (on) (Line 71): reduce in size or amount esp. to save money • eg: The factory’s production has been cut back. When companies are cutting back, the first people to lose their jobs are temporary staff. The government has cut back on defense spending. Cf. cut down eg. The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat.

44. Part III • dine out(Line 72): eat a meal away from home (usu. in a restaurant) eg: With the improvement of living standards, more people dine out at weekends. • dine in: the opposite phrase eg: When avian flu is prevalent, we’d better dine in and watch TV.

45. Part IV suspect (Line 78) • v. believe to be true, likely or probable, feel doubt about (suspect sb./sth.of sth.; suspect that) eg:1) He was suspected of telling lies in the court. 2) I strongly suspected that they’re trying to get rid of me.

46. n. a person who is suspected of doing sth. wrong eg. The police have taken the suspect to the station. • Cf doubt: consider unlikely; feel uncertain • eg. She said she would help me, but I doubted whether she was in earnest. • Do you doubt my words?

47. Part IV budget n. the amount of money available to spend eg: 1) You should have your own budget to help your balance income and expenses. 2) It is estimated that the military expenditure will exceed the financial budget of the nation this year.

48. Part IV on a … scale (Line 85): to a … degree eg: The government only permitted public demonstrations of students on a small scale 政府只允许学生小规模的示威游行。 We should popularize science on a grand scale. 我们应该大规模普及科学。

49. Part IV device n. (Line.86) a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose eg: a device for opening bottles an electronic hearing device

50. Part IV invest (in) (Line 93): spend or devote (money or capital/time or effort) for future benefit; buy • eg: My parents intend to invest in stocks and bonds. I have invested a lot of time and effort in this plan. • Most schools in the region have now invested in computers with CD-ROMs.