Warm-up exercises

Warm-up exercises

Translate the following sentences. 1.学校图书馆假期开放吗？（available) 2. 这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。（ available） 3. 每个教室都安装有因特网接口。(access) 4. 学校食堂供应一日三餐。(serve) 5. 她看上去比你原先预计的要年轻。 Is school library available during vacations? These clothes are not available in your size，I’m afraid. Each classroom comes with Internet access. The school canteen serves three meals. She looks younger than you expected.

Unit 1 School life --- Grammar and usage Introduction to attributive clause

Members of sentence subject: 主语 predicate: 谓语 object: 宾语 predicative: 表语 attribute: 定语 adverbial: 状语

1. The boy likes football. subject predicate object 2.She teaches English. subject predicate object 3. They talked about the news. subject predicate object 4. He was a student. subject predicate predicative 5. He is a writer. subject predicate predicative

6. He runs fast. subject predicate adverbial 7. I read books at the parkin the morning. p S O adverbial adverbial 8. I didn’t go to school for some reasons. S P O adverbial 9. This is a difficult problem. s p p attribute

How to modify a noun • 1. an enjoyable experience • 2. the rules of the school • 3. the cake that I made adjective prepositional phrases attributive clause

Introducing attributive clauses They all enjoyed the cake that I made. that I made an attributive clause tells which person or thing the speaker means the main sentence They all enjoyed the cake the cake An antecedent the noun an attributive clause modifies that A relative pronoun the pronoun that joins the antecedent and the attributive clause

Show me the school where you study. where you study an attributive clause the main sentence Show me the school the school An antecedent where A relative adverb

What are the key words of an attributive clause? Antecedent Relative pronoun Relative adverb Relative words

1. Miss Bruke was the teacher who taught us English Literature. 2. All my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made. 3. He isn’t the person that he used to be. Functions of the relative words： • Standing for the antecedent • Introducing the attributive clause • Functioning as a part in the clause

What are the antecedents and what do the relative words function as in the clause? 1. The man who is talking there is our new teacher.  subject the man The man is our new teacher. The man is talking there. 2. Could you lend me the book that you bought yesterday?  object the book Could you lend me the book? You bought the book yesterday.

3. This is the boy whose father came yesterday. the boy’s  attribute This is the boy. The boy’s father came yesterday. 4. He led us into the room where the great writer was born. ( in ) the room  adverbial He led us into the room. The great writer was born in the room.

Page 9 1.He went to Oxford University where he got interested in Chinese culture. 2. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. 3. Most of the studentsthat he taught have become his friend. 4. Some of the books were giftsthat he got from his Chinese friends. 5. The paintingsthat David donated to the school are being displayed. Oxford University the cities the students gifts paintings

Relative pronouns that, which, who, whom, whose

1. that / which 1. A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machinewhich/that can fly. 2. He returned the book. I lent it to him. He returned the bookthat/whichI lent to him. 3. I like the teachers. They are easy-going. I like the teachersthatare easy-going. 4. I can’t remember the man. Mary introduced him to me. I can’t remember the manthatMary introduced to me.

person/thing subject/object thing subject/object

2. who/whom 1.The woman is a doctor. She lives next door. The woman who lives next door is a doctor. 2. I know nothing about the man. You are talking about him. I know nothing about the man who/whom you are talking about.

person subject/object person object

3. whose 1. We saw some people. Their car had broken down. We saw some people whose car had broken down. 2. A few years ago I met a stranger. His sister knows you. A few years ago I met a stranger whose sister knows you. 3. There is a dictionary. Its cover is red. There is a dictionary whose cover is red.

person/thing attribute (替换his, her, their, its 等)

Could you lend me the book that/which you bought yesterday? Can you lend me the book you bought yesterday? I know nothing about the man who/whom you are talking about. I know nothing about the man you are talking about. • We can leave outwho, whom, which, and that when they function as the object in the clause.

Practice 1 Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns. 1. Mr Green is the teacher ___________ often helps us. 2. The school _____________ you can see on the left is one of the oldest in this city. 3. The woman ____________ was ill was looked after by her family. 4. She is the girl _______________ I met on holiday. who/that (which/that) who/that (that/who/whom)

5. They found the car ____________ was stolen last month. 6. I met someone ____________ brother I went to school with. 7. The dog ______________ I bought from the pet shop is called Buster. 8. I’d like a room _____________ windows face the sea. 9. I’ll tell you something _______ I have heard. that/which whose (that/which) whose (that)

1. which & that only usethatwhen the antecedent is a thing & functions as subject or object in a clause? • when the antecedent isindefinite pronoun: all, few, little, something, nothing, anything, etc. eg. Allthat we have to do is to practice every day. • when the antecedent is modified bythe ordinal numberorthe superlative degree eg. The first lessonthat I learned will never be forgotten.

When the antecedent is modified by all, any, every, each, few, little, no, the only, the very, the last, the right, just the,etc. eg. I have read every bookthat you gave me. This is just the bookthat I’m looking for. • When the antecedent includes both things and persons eg. I will talk about the writer and the bookthat I like best.

Practice 2 Read the two sentences and then put them into one. • A man answered the phone. He told me you were out. • A man who/that answered the phone told me your were out. 2. This book is about a boy. He ran away from home. This book is about a boywho/that ran away from home.

3. I once lived in a house. Its windows were all broken. I once lived in a house whose windows were all broken. 4. The pictures were missing. They used to hang on the wall. The pictures that/which used to hang on the wall were missing.

5. What is the name of the horse? It runs so fast. What is the name of the horse that/which runs so fast? 6. Do you know the man? His painting won the first prize. Do you know the man whose painting won the first prize? 7. The news is about a boy. We all like him. The news is about a boy (who/whom/that) we all like.

Practice 3 Translate the sentences into English. • 刚才回答问题的那个女孩是韦华。 • 2. 你找到你要的书了吗？ • 3.我认识一个同学，他爸爸是教师。 The girl who/that answered the question just now is Wei Hua. Have you found the book (that/which) you want? I know a classmate whose father is a teacher.

4. 这就是我和你谈过的那辆车。 5.昨天我买的书在哪儿? 6. 看到那棵叶子都掉光了的树吗? This is the car (that/which) I talked about with you. Where is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday? Have you seen the tree whose leaves have all fallen down?

The woman we met her this morning is our new teacher. • 2) He lived in the house which door is red. • 3) Did you find those pictures were taken in Beijing? • 4) He is the only student which can work out the problem. Practice 4: • Correct the errors in the sentences. whose that/which who/that

5) She moved to an old house her parents left it to her. 6) Do you know the girl who often help her classmates? 7) She likes the gifts whose her friends gave her. 8) They talked about many things and persons who they remembered. helps that/which that

Antecedent-predicate of the clause Agreement Ask the students who are waiting outside to come in. Ask the student who is waiting outside to come in. • He is the (only) one of the people here who ____ how to operate this computer. • He is one of the people here who ____ how to operate this computer. • A. know B. knows B A

4. antecedent: way 1. The way was introduced by him surprised us all. which/that 2. There are many ways _______________ the company could help the workers. 3. The way _______________ these people look at the problem is wrong. ---/that/in which ---/that/in which subject/object which/that adverbial ---/that/in which

Homework • Unit Revision, p. 6 and p. 7 • Workbook, p. 88 C2

Warm-up exercises