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EMEP/EEA guidebook updating 4D NH3 from mineral fertilisers

EMEP/EEA guidebook updating 4D NH3 from mineral fertilisers. 14-16 May 2012, Bern, Switzerland Steen Gyldenkærne, Rikke Albrektsen, Mette Hjort Mikkelsen, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen Inst. for Environmental Science National Centre for Environment and Energy Aarhus University.

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EMEP/EEA guidebook updating 4D NH3 from mineral fertilisers

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  1. EMEP/EEA guidebookupdating 4DNH3 from mineral fertilisers 14-16 May 2012, Bern, Switzerland Steen Gyldenkærne, Rikke Albrektsen, Mette Hjort Mikkelsen, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen Inst. for Environmental Science National Centre for Environment and Energy Aarhus University

  2. 4D Ammonia emission from mineral fertilizers • Currently in the guidebook • Problematic model because it gives too high emission estimates for especially urea and in certain areas • The current model is based on: • a temperature dependent EF for different fertilizer types • a defined spring temperature which is the average temperature for 3 months following after 400 DD°C from the 1. January • This assumption cannot be used throughout Europe because spring it not define according to farming practice

  3. NH3 from mineral fertilizers • The current version is made by competent experts, and to a certain extend based on expert judgment • The current version: • EF = x + y * ts • where ts = mean spring temperature defined as • spring, start = ∑ DD >0+° = 400 DD • spring, end = ∑ DD >0+° = 400 DD + 3 months

  4. NH3 from mineral fertilizers • Urea has a high temperature dependency • Ammonia nitrate has a low temperature dependency • Consequences of misclassification in temperature will be high for countries using large amounts of urea

  5. NH3 from mineral fertilizers • The Tier 2 version from EMEP guidebook, Technical report 11/2006: • Three climatologically regions are to be distinguished according to their mean spring air temperatures ts: • Region A ts > 13 °C • Region B 6 °C < ts < 13 °C • Region C ts < 6 °C

  6. 400 DD Spring NH3 from mineral fertilizers, results • In Malaga, Spain the default spring temperature is 16 degrees • In Ireland the default spring temperature is 11 degrees but average summer temperature is used • In Denmark the default spring temperature is 12 degrees but average summer temperature is used • Leading to overestimation for especially fertilizers with a high temperature dependency

  7. Farming practice and temperatures • Spring application: • Length of application period is long when slope is flat • Length of application period is short when slope is steep • Summer application: • Application takes place in a uniform temperature regime • Autumn application • Decreasing temperatures but low amounts giving that the error is low

  8. Lessons learned from the questionnaire • Different opinion what spring is • Length of application period is short when slope is steep • Length of application period is long when slope is flat • Urea is mainly used in spring

  9. Lessons learned from the questionnaire • Spain is using urea in winter when loss due to emission is low • start application is given to some crops in the autumn • autumn in Spain is defined as October-December • winter application is taking place in Spain in February-April where the slope on the temperature curve is flat

  10. Lessons learned • In cold climates • large amounts applied in spring • In warm climates • large amounts in summer and autumn • A clear definition of application time is needed. Although we thought it was simple questions we got different interpretations • Four seasons should probably be included: • spring where temperature is increasing • summer where temperature is constant • autumn where temperature is decreasing • winter where temperature is constant • drip irrigation should be included as this is important in dry countries • no data has been found in the literature • assumptions will be made

  11. Updating the emission factors • we are collecting all ammonia emission data we can find • all help is welcome • updated EF will be proposed for implementation in the next version of the GB

  12. Proposal for a new model IF Tspring <= 6°C: Emis = ∑ Aspring,i * (xi + yi,z°C) + ∑ Asummer,i * (xi + yi,Tsummer) + ∑ Aautumn,i * (xi + yi,Tautumn) ELSE Emis = ∑ Aspring,i * (xi + yi,TSpring°C) + ∑ Asummer,i * (xi + yi,Tsummer) + ∑ Aautumn,i * (xi + yi,Tautumn) IF the average temperature for summer temperature is > 5°C within a country a split in regions is recommended Where: Emis = Total ammonia emission, kg N yr-1 Tspring = Average of the temperature in January, February and March i = fertilizer type i x = constant for fertilizer i y = temperature coefficient for fertilizer i z = the average temperature when spring application takes place, probably 7-8 °C, but not settled yet. Aspring = amount of fertilizer i applied in spring Asummer = amount of fertilizer i applied in summer, equal to the total sold amount minus spring applied amount Aautumn = amount of fertilizer i applied in autumn

  13. Thanks to all data we have got so far: Russia, Sweden, Norway, Germany, UK, Ireland, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands If you have any published and unpublished emission data please contact us Rikke Albrecktsen, rial@dmu.dk Steen Gyldenkærne, sgy@dmu.dk

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