Adaptation of Landuse to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa (ALUCCSA)

1. Adaptation of Landuse to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa (ALUCCSA) Co-ordinated by the Centre for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Forestry (CeTSAF) Georg-August Universität Göttingen Funding: BMZ/GTZ-BEAF Duration: 2008-2011 Objectives:ALUCCSA aims to contribute estimating effects of different future climate scenarios for the next 50 years at regional and local scale for Sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso) and their impact on land use systems.

2. Project Partners • Georg-August University of Goettingen (GAUG), Germany, (Coordination, Dr. Panferov, Prof. Kleinn, Prof. Mitlöhner, Prof. Schlecht) • World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Mali (Dr. Kalinganire, Dr. v. Noordwijk) • Environmental and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA), Burkina Faso, (Dr. Mahamadi, Dr. Bayala) • Meteorological Service of Burkina Faso (Mr. Garané) • Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Africa (CIRA), Germany, (Dr. Hahn-Hadjali) • Subcontractor: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, (Dr. Kunstmann, Dr. Knoche)

3. Project scope Agroforestry Climate change Animal husbandry

4. Project thematic structure

5. Climate development modelling SRES climate scenarios A1B and B1 Regional Climate Models: MM5, CLM (≈18 km × 18 km)

6. Study areas and spatial approach

7. Large scale structures of vegetation Objectives:Assessment and analysis of vegetation structure and land use on country scale. • Achievements since last year: • Large area forest and land use assessment with many similarities to FAO National Forest monitoring completed in early 2010. • Acquisition of high resolution satellite imagery as reference for up scaling approach. • Current work: • Analysis of vegetation data as input for modeling subprojects. • Land use classification, following FAO standards based on inventory results, combined with remote sensing data for modeling with climate modeling results.

8. Small scale structures of vegetation Objectives: Assessment and analysis of current pasture resources for livestock and prediction of their future development • Achievements since last year: • Vegetation types in pastured sites of 4 core study areas (climatic gradient subsahel to southern sudanian zone) are identified and species composition is assessed • - Herbaceous biomass of main vegetation types in 4 core areas is assessed at the end of the rainy season Current work and future outlook: - Assessment of herbaceous pasture resources- Assessment of ligneous biomass (fodder resource) in 4 core areas - Prediction of future development of important fodder species (Modeling with climate change predictions)

9. Animal husbandry Objectives:Assessment of grazing behaviour and livestock management practices. • Achievements since last year: • The baseline survey at the six pre-selected research sites was carried out by the PhD Student of livestock group. • Four out of the six sites were maintained for regular monitoring of livestock grazing behaviour and for in-depth analysis of farmers’ livestock management practices. • Fodder species assessment. • Current work and future outlook: • Continued monitoring of grazing and management practices until end of coming rainy season. • Assessment of main fodder species during grazing.

10. Past climatic variation assessment for model verification and plant growth Objectives: To evaluate the adaptation of the species to extreme drought events and potential of stable isotopes and tree rings for paleoclimatic reconstructions. Stem disc of: Sclerocarya birea Contribution to the Project : Will recommend drought tolerant multipurpose species for resilient agroforesty systems and provide past climate information to understand climate change. Results of the second year and/or ongoing activities: Ring width, stable isotope and plant water potential measurements and analysis is going on.

11. Past climatic variation assessment for model verification δ18O values of Sclerocarya birea showed similar pattern and significant correlation (r = -0.56) with rainfall amount Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of δ18O in tree rings as climate proxy.

12. Climate data collection • Gaoua • Soukouraba • Nobere • Safane • Tougori

13. 3D Modelling of radiation transfer Quantifying the effect of shade trees on underlying crops 3D Modelling of radiation transfer

14. 3D Modelling of radiation transfer 3D-Modelled effect of 2 shade trees on underlying crops June, clear sunny day June, cloudy day W m-2 Black Isoline: min 10% reduction of annual sum of solar radiation due to shade tree

15. Energy balance of ruminants Diffuse radiation Thermal radiation Direct radiation Metabolicheat Storedheat ? Wind Sensible heat Latent heat Panting and salivation. Wallowing in water of mud. Mechanical work Miscellaneous heat flows Other factors

16. Energy balance of ruminants

17. WaNuLCAS (Water Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems) Estimation of productivity for different AF systems under changing climatic conditions.

18. SVAT modeling Objectives: Find parameterizations for modeling interactions within ecosystems under conditions of changing climate by means of SVAT models like WaNuLCAS. • Achievements since last year: • Permanent plots established for data collection for the adaptation of WaNuLCAS to local vegetation types. • Soil samples were taken for analysis. • Assessment on below ground biomass. • Water potential of some key species along climatic gradient going from the south to the north of Burkina Faso were taken. • Tree transpiration and light transmission.

19. Thank you for your attention!