Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000) (up to 1200 m depth)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN JHARIA COALFIELD, INDIAdr kalyan sen, directorCentral Fuel Research Institute, DhanbadMGMI, NEW DELHI-8-9TH DEC.,2K

Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000) (up to 1200 m depth) • Only repository of prime coking coal in India • Total reserves: 19,430 Mt • Prime coking : 5,313 Mt • Medium coking: 6,164 Mt • So called non-coking: 7,953 Mt

PRODUCTION TREND OF COAL IN JCF (Mt) 35 35 O/C(Mt) U/G(Mt) TOTAL(Mt) 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 1905 1925 1930 1935 1940 1980 1985 1910 1915 1920 1945 1950 1955 1965 1970 1990 1994 Year Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years)

Annualized Growth Rate (%) in JCF 40 Production(Mt) Growth rate (%) 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 1920 1940 1960 1965 1980 1985 1910 1930 1950 1955 1970 1975 1990 1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years)

Annualized growth rate, %: 1910 14 1944-66 0.5-4.0 1925 2.0 1988 22.0 1935 -3.0 1989 -13.6 After nationalization : 2-3 % (as compared to national GR 6-8%) Sustainable development in any industrial system demands an increase in pdn by national GR level or decrease in the cost of pdn by same level.

Quality of Jharia coals: Chemical characteristics: Barakar Fmn Raniganj Fmn Moisture (air dried) 0.9-1.8% 1.4-2.3% Ash 16.7-29.7% 21.3-32.3% VM(dmf) 20.5-33% 34.7- 40.1% Carbon (elemental) 88.4-91.5%` 84.6- 88.4% (pure coal basis) Heat value (k cal/kg) 8613-8819 8500-8980

Quality contd…. • Petrographic composition: • (Visible min. mat. Free basis) Characteristics Upper seams Lr. Seams Vitrinite 56.5-70.3% 25.3-57.3% Liptinite 1.0-3.9%% 0.6-1.4% ? Inertinite 28.1-38.3% 27.3-62.1% Ro 0.9-1.25% 1.25-14.3%

Quality contd…. • Lr. Seam (I-V/VI/VII & VIII) coals of the region have high reflectance and produce good coke from washed coal having total reactive contents 55-65%. • Use of such coal as power coal is simply wastage of scarce coking coal resource

Washed Coal Analysis Chemical (%) EastWest Moisture 1.0 1.0 Ash 17.0 18.3 V. M. ( air dry) 17.0 15.0 Petrographic (vol. %) Vitrinite 53.0 45.0 Semi vitrinite 5.0 4.8 Exinite (Liptinite) - 0.3 Inertinite 35.0 31.5 Min. Matter 14.0 15.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- Mean R0% 1.27 1.29

Washed Coal Coke Property Porosity % 48.5 CRI 12.6 CSR 72.9 M40 82.6 M10 9.8

50 80 70 40 Char. Ash 60 50 30 40 Char. Ash% Fractional Yield 20 30 20 10 10 0 0 1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.05 Mid SP. gravity 4- product separation Cost of washed coal is 3 times of raw coal Foundry Coal Rejects Cleans Power Coal

Figure 4A- A typical product mix from beneficiation of difficult-to-wash coal ( Raw coal ash 35-37%) Cleans (18% ash) Rejects 28% (60-65% ash) 29% Middlings Foundry Fuel (28% ash) (34% ash) 22% 21%

Conclusion • Washing of lower seam coals ardent necessary • Raw coal production level is to be increased by 6 to 8% or expenditure on production to be decreased by same level • CFRI techniques(multi-stage washing) of optimum beneficiation of high ash coal may be helpful

Conclusion • washing of ‘difficult-to-wash’ lower seam coals is a must to meet the requirement of the nation • beneficiation of the high ash coals from 35-50% ash level to 17-18% reduces the yield. Multi- stage/ stream washing will be the only cost-effective solution under the present crisis

Conclusion • The concept can be suitably retrofitted to the existing washeries without bringing major changes • Beneficiation with minimum discharge from the washeries strengthens the awareness for protecting the environment

Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000) (up to 1200 m depth)