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I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E. A. The Minoans

I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E. II. The Development of Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E. VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture.

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I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E. A. The Minoans

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  1. I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E.II. The Development of Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E. VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture

  2. I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E. • A. The Minoans • King Minos—legendary • Language—undeciphered • hieroglyphics • Linear A—syllabic • Sir Arthur Evans • archaeologist • Knossos • “Palace of Minos” • Art • murals • realistic, everyday scenes

  3. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations • B. The Myceneans • Achaeans—Indo-Europeans • from north, c. 2000 • Mycenae • Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890) • acropolis—massive palace • royal tombs, after 1500 • expansion • Knossos, c. 1450 • Linear B • deciphered by Michael Ventris • C. Troy • Heinrich Schliemann • Iliad • 1870—excavation begins • Troy VI or VII (1200–1125 B.C.E.) • D. The Fall of Mycenaean Civilization

  4. II. The Development of Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E. • Dark Ages (1150–750 B.C.E.) • A. The Influence of Geography • B. Homeric Age • information scarce • Iliad, Odyssey • arête • excellence, virtue • aristoi = the best • aristocracy

  5. II. The Development of Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E. • C. From Oligarchy to Tyranny • polis (plural poleis) = city-state • acropolis = high city • agora = marketplace • oligarchy = government of the few • c. 750—nobles in control • colonization (750–550 B.C.E.) • Magna Graecia = Great Greece • Southern Italy • economic transformation • production for trade • land hunger • > Tyrants, c. 650 B.C.E. • hoplite phalanx • tyrannus = absolute ruler

  6. II. The Development of Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E. • D. Athens to 500 B.C.E. • 7th century—oligarchy • council of nobles dominant • 9 archons = rulers • Solon—594 B.C.E. • economic and social reform: • Council of Four Hundred • popular assembly • Pisistratus—560 B.C.E. • tyrant • public works • weakening of nobles • Cleisthenes • 508–502 B.C.E.—reforms • further weakened nobility • ostracism

  7. II. The Development of Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E. • E. Athenian Societyhetaraehomosexuality • F. Sparta to 500 B.C.E. • monarchy > oligarchy • ephors = overseers • Messenians—neighbors • conquest > helots • Lycurgus • legendary?

  8. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E. • A. The Persian Wars • King Cyrus • conquest of Lydia, 547 B.C.E. • > revolt of Ionian poleis • crushed by Darius I • 490 B.C.E.—to Greece • Marathon—Greek victory • 480 B.C.E.—Xerxes • Thermopylae • Themistocles • Salamis Bay • 479 B.C.E.—Plataea • Impact • Athenian confidence • Pericles (461–429 B.C.E.)

  9. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E. • B. Athens After the Persian War Pericles (461-429 B.C.E.) • Women • Slavery • C. Athenian Imperialism • Sparta isolationist • Delian League—478 B.C.E. • navy of 200 ships • 468 B.C.E.—goal achieved • D. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C.E.) • Spartan League v. Athenian Empire • 416 B.C.E.—Melians enslaved • 415 B.C.E.—expedition to Syracuse • E. Aftermath of the War

  10. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E. • F. The Macedonian Unification of Greece • King Philip II (359–336 B.C.E.) • Demosthenes • speaks against Philip • Chaeronea—338 B.C.E. • Macedonian victory

  11. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement • A. The Greek Perspective sophrosyne • hubris • nemesis • B. Greek Religion • Zeus • Hesiod (c. 700 B.C.E.) • Mysteries—Orphic, Eleusinian • mystae = initiates • afterlife—Elysium • C. Early Greek Philosophy • Physikoi—physical world • Thales of Miletus c. 600 B.C.E. • natural causes • human reason • Search for first principle • Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–500 B.C.E.) • Anaximander • Xenophanes • Sophists—late 5th B.C.E.

  12. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement • D. The Philosophers • Socrates (470–399 B.C.E.) • 399—condemned • Plato (427–347 B.C.E.) • Republic • The Academy (388 B.C.E. –529 C.E.) • Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) • Lyceum • E. Medicine Hippocrates • 420 B.C.E.—founds school • F. The Writing of History • Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c. 484–c. 425 B.C.E.) • Thucydides (460–400 B.C.E.) • History of Peloponnesian War

  13. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement G. Arts • Poetry and Drama • Epics • Iliad and Odyssey • Lyric poetry • Drama • rites of Dionysus • Aeschylus (525–456 B.C.E.) • Sophocles (c. 496–406 B.C.E.) • Euripides (c. 480–406 B.C.E.) • Aristophanes (c. 445–385 B.C.E.) • Architecture Parthenon Erechtheum Sculpture and Pottery

  14. B. The Empire under Alexander • blend of cultures • founds cities • Alexandrias • C. Division of the Empire • Macedonia—Antigonids • Egypt—Ptolemies • Persian Empire—Seleucids • V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E. • Alexander the Great to Augustus • A. Alexander the Great • 336 B.C.E.—death of Philip • 334 B.C.E.—to the east • 331 B.C.E.—Gaugamela

  15. VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture • Hellenistic = Greek-like • uniform coinage • flow of trade • A. Hellenistic Philosophy • Skeptics • impossibility of finding truth • Cynics • withdrawal • Diogenes of Sinope (c. 400–325 B.C.E.) • Epicureanism • Epicurus (342–270 B.C.E.) • Stoics • Zeno (336–c. 264 B.C.E.) • B. Science and Mathematics • 1. Geography • Eratosthenes • parallels of latitude and longitude • circumference of globe • 2. Astronomy • Aristarchus • rotation of earth on axis • epicycles—planetary revolutions • 3. Mathematics • Euclid • geometry • Archimedes of Syracuse • pi • specific gravity • C. Art and Literature • D. The Hellenistic Contribution • Parthians • Bactria

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