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Irregular & Stem-Changing Verbs

Irregular & Stem-Changing Verbs. Summary. Stem-changing verbs have a vowel change in the stem of the verb. (The stem is what you have left after you drop the - ar /- er /- ir .)

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Irregular & Stem-Changing Verbs

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  1. Irregular & Stem-Changing Verbs Summary

  2. Stem-changing verbs have a vowel change in the stem of the verb. (The stem is what you have left after you drop the -ar/-er/-ir.) There is a pattern to the changes, so once you know that a verb is stem-changing, you know what to do to it, BUT THERE’S NO WAY TO PREDICT IF A VERB IS STEM-CHANGING OR NOT. When you learn a verb, you have to learn that it’s stem-changing (it’ll have an -ie, an -i, or a -ue in parentheses after it) & REMEMBER that. There are 3 types of stem changing verbs: e  ie, e  i, o  ue querer (e  ie) pedir (e  i) dormir (o  ue) quieroqueremospidopedimosduermodormimos quieresqueréispidespedísduermesdormís quierequierenpidepidenduermeduermen *Note that there is no change in the nosotros & vosotros forms. *Also: JUGAR is the 1 & only u ue verb: juegojugamos juegasjugáis juegajuegan

  3. Here are some common stem-changing verbs: e  ie e  i o  ue querer (to want) pedir (to ask for) volver (to return) cerrar (to close) servir (to serve) poder (can) perder (to lose) repetir (to repeat) dormir (to sleep) pensar (to think) seguir (to follow) morir (to die) sentir (to feel) decir (to say, tell) encontrar (to find) comenzar (to begin) recordar (to preferir (to prefer) remember) empezar (to begin) almorzar (to entender (to understand) have lunch) Sometimes you have more than one “e” or “o” in the stem. Remember that it’s the last vowel in the stem that changes. You’d better know all these!

  4. On the following slides, you will see the ??? irregular present tense verbs learned in 1001. Most present tense irregular verbs change only in the first person singular. SER , IR, & OIR are the exceptions: ser iroír soy somosvoyvamosoigooimos eressois vas vaisoyesoís es son va van oyeoyen

  5. All other irregular verbs are irregular only in the 1st person singular (yoform). ESTAR is slightly more irregular, because it gets accent marks: estoyestamos estásestáis estáestán

  6. There are several verbs that get a -g- in the yo form: ponersalirhacertraer pongoponemossalgosalimoshagohacemos *traigotraemos pones ponéis sales salíshaceshacéistraestraéis pone ponen sale salenhacehacentraetraen *Note that, while all the others acquire just a -g-, “traigo” gets an -i- as well. TENER, VENIR, & DECIR also get a -g- in the yo form, but they are stem-changing verbs too: tenervenirdecir tengotenemosvengovenimosdigodecimos tienestenéisvienesvenís dices decís tienetienenvienevienen dice dicen

  7. Other irregular verbs: dar saber doydamossésabemos das dais sabessabéis dadansabesaben verconocer veovemosconozcoconocemos vesveisconocesconocéis vevenconoceconocen

  8. For practice, go to the Spanish 1001 page & do the irregular verb exercises under Homework (chapters 3 & 4).

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