The role, development and adoption of ISO standards

1. The role, development and adoption of ISO standards Examples of recent standards

2. Standardisation worldwide relatedtorefrigerants in RAC Currentpresentation

3. General overview of changes to ISO 817 and ISO 5149 • 1993 • 2005 • 2014 • Onlydesignation standard • Application of refrigerantstobedone in ASHRAE • Maintenance agency is • established • Classification is added • Maintenance agency tobeactivated: application has tobedone in ISO • 2L class is defined ISO817 • Flammablerefrigerants are notallowed in human comfort applications • Allowsuse of flammablerefrigerants • RCL is notusedanymore, ATEL/ODL and LFL are usedtodeterminerefrigerantcharge limits • Clearrequirementsfor 2L refrigerants ISO5149

4. ISO 817 (2014) – designationandclassification ISOTC86SC8 WG05 ISO 817 designation classification RCL determination application Defineconcentration limit forrefrigerants Naming of new refrigerants flammability toxicity Application of new refrigerants A, B R-numbering 1,2L,2, 3 Maintenance agency ISO 817 Refrigerants -- Designation system Maintenance Agency. c/o - RA/MA (ASHRAE) ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle NE 30329-2305 Atlanta, GA

5. Classification of refrigerants – ISO 817 (2014) Increasing hazard Increasing hazard

6. Classification of refrigerants – Criteria forToxicity Charge limits Classification Based on ATEL/ODL = Acute toxicity Chronictoxicity: long term exposure to low amounts of refrigerant ATEL(acute toxicity exposure limit) Cardiac Sensitiz- ation Anaesthetic effect Mortality ODL Oxygendeprivation limit set at 140 000ppm in air (18% O2 ) Other escapeimpairingeffects

7. Classification of refrigerants - Criteria forflammability *LFL = lowerflammability limit

8. Somerefrigerantsandtheirflammability

9. ISO 817 (2014)– applicationfor new refrigerants ISO TC86SC8 has toactivate the maintenance agency forapplication of refrigerants. This will be done by cooperating with the current ASHRAE application system

10. ISO 817 (2014) the maintenance agency …. Governmentalagencies organisations businesses individuals Application form Cover Administrative information Designation information Toxicity information Flammability information Othersafety information Maintenance agency secretariat c/o - RA/MA (ASHRAE) ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle NE 30329-2305 Atlanta, GA 1st meeting E/september

11. ISO 5149 (2014) – general approach REFRIGERANT A low toxicity B high toxicity 1 No flame propagation 2LLowerflammability 2 Flammable 3Higherflammability LOCATION Ageneraloccupancy Bsupervisedoccupancy Cauthorisedoccupancy Charge limitsdepend on SYSTEM Refrigerantcontainparts I In the occupiedspace II compressor & liquid receiver in machinery room or open air IIIall in open air IVventilatedenclosures APPLICATION Human comfort Other systems

12. Locationclassificationexamples LOCATION A generaloccupancy LOCATION B supervisedoccupancy LOCATION C authorisedoccupancy Hospitals, courts or prisons, theatres, supermarkets, schools, lecture halls, public transport termini, hotels, dwellings, restaurants. Manufacturing facilities, e.g. for chemicals, food, beverage, ice, ice-cream, refineries, cold stores, dairies, abattoirs, non-public areas in supermarkets. Business or professional offices, laboratories, places for general manufacturing and where people work.

13. SYSTEM classification – simplifiedexamples II compressor, liquid receiver in machinery room or open air IV ventilated enclosure I Allrefrigerantcontainingparts in the occupiedspace III AllRefrigerantcontainingparts in machinery room or in open air

14. ISO 5149 (2014) - Charge limits - calculations RCL is notusedanymore. Before, it was appropriate as toxicity was the basic factor toconsider, sinceflammablerefrigerantswererarelyused. Today, more flammablerefrigerants are available as alternatives. It is necessarytoevaluatetoxicityandflammabilityseperately. DETERMINE CHARGE BASED ON TOXICITY FLAMMABILITY Instantaneous effect Effect in time LOWEST CHARGE SHALL BE APPLIED

15. ISO 5149 (2014) – example of tablefor A2L refrigerants Additional risk management: more refrigerantcanbeused in case measureslikeventilation, safetyshut off valvesetc are used Maximum charge is multipliedwith cap factor of 1,5 todifferentiatebetween 2L, 2 and 3 refrigerants. Same formulaappliesforallrefrigerants

16. ISO 5149 (2014) comparing common refrigerantsfor split systems in generaloccupancy

17. Additional charge is possiblewithalternative risk management (A.5) REFRIGERANT : A1 & A2L • OTHER REQUIREMENTS • Ratedcapacity indoor is below 25% of totalcapacity • Prevent ice freezing Indoor H/E • Protectedagainst fan breaking • In occupiedspace, pipessizedcorrectly • Only permanent joints in occupiedspace • Ensure naturalventilation…. SYSTEM CATEGORY: II conditions CHARGES BELOW A1≤ 250kg A2L ≤ 195m³LFL Additionalmeasures are:Ventilation, Safety shut off valves, Alarm systems, Detectors  According to Part 3 2additionalmeasures 1 additionalmeasures Ensure naturalventilation Specificrequirementsfor the installationtoensure Safety. No additionalmeasures.

18. Othersafetyrequirements Hot surfaces T hot surface≤ T autoignition– 100K Spark energy requirements FlammableRefrigerantsshallnot flow or stagnatewhereelectricalcomponentsmaybeanignition source: compliance with IEC 60079-14 is one of the means of compliance Ventilationrequirements Minimum 4 air changes Ifnecessary: detectors, alarms..

19. Next steps CEN: revision of EN 378 • Full alignmentwith ISO 5149. • Enquiry is finishedworkinggroupmeets in the comingmonthstowork out a response o the commentsreceived. • Publicationexpected in 2016 IEC: revision of IEC 60335-2-40 • Further risk assessment of use of 2L refrigerants is conductedthere • New requirementswillbeissuedforcomments in comingmonths. • Publicationexpected in 2016 • This is a continuouswork • Global alignment is tobeexpected on the long term • Moreimprovements are tobe made to the standardsto take up new technologies.

20. Thankyouforyour attention. Questions?