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Self-regulation in Development

Self-regulation in Development. Children at Risk February 7, 2013. Contact: Jennifer Silvers, jas2222@columbia.edu. Physiological arousal. What is self-regulation?. Ability to manage…. Attention & EF. Emotions. Roadmap. Development of executive function General Sources of variability

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Self-regulation in Development

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  1. Self-regulation in Development Children at Risk February 7, 2013 Contact: Jennifer Silvers, jas2222@columbia.edu

  2. Physiological arousal What is self-regulation? Ability to manage… Attention & EF Emotions

  3. Roadmap • Development of executive function • General • Sources of variability • Development of emotional regulation • General • Sources of variability

  4. Executive function • Inhibitory control • Resisting habits, temptations • Working memory • Holding & manipulating information in mind • Cognitive flexibility • Ability to adjust to change

  5. Studying EF • Performance on Tasks • Inhibition • Working Memory • Flexibility • Questionnaires • Parent or teacher • “Does your child have trouble staying on task?” • Participant • “Do you have trouble staying on task?” • Experiment with observation • How do they respond to challenge? • School or other records • GPA • Acting out in class 2, 5, 7, 8, 3, 6, 4, 1

  6. 1.5 3 0 Early EF Development • 6 weeks: Can anticipate events • 8-12 mo: Means-end and searching behavior • Surge of growth in PFC

  7. 1.5 3 0 Early EF Development • 6 weeks: Can anticipate events • 8-12 mo: Means-end and searching behavior • Surge of growth in PFC • Abstract rule comprehension • Symbolic representation and language • Stable EF and verbal ability differences

  8. 1.5 3 0 Early EF Development • 6 weeks: Can anticipate events • 8-12 mo: Means-end and searching behavior • Surge of growth in PFC • Abstract rule comprehension • Symbolic representation and language • Abstract rule comprehension • Symbolic representation and language • Harsh parenting • Tools of the Mind • Stable EF and verbal ability differences

  9. 10-12 16-18 5 Later EF Development • Age 6: Achieve adult levels on some tasks • SES predicts EF and language ability • Physiological diffs

  10. 10-12 16-18 5 Later EF Development • Age 6: Achieve adult levels on some tasks • Age 10: Achieve adult levels on some flexibility and inhibition tasks • PFC structural changes 10-12 16-18 • SES predicts EF and language ability • Physiological diffs

  11. 10-12 16-18 5 Later EF Development • Age 6: Achieve adult levels on some tasks • Age 10: Achieve adult levels on some flexibility and inhibition tasks • PFC structural changes • Inhibition, WM and processing speed still improving • “Cold” EF develops faster than “hot” EF 10-12 16-18 16-18 • SES predicts EF and language ability • Physiological diffs • Significant variability in risky behavior

  12. Roadmap • Development of executive function • General • Sources of variability • Development of emotional regulation • General • Sources of variability

  13. Studying Emotion Regulation • Questionnaires • Parent/teacher/other: “Does your child get angry when told s/he has to go to bed?” • Participant: “Do you generally keep your emotions to yourself?” • Experiment with observation • Physio • fMRI: PFC vs amygdala/striatum • Attentional deployment, self-distraction • Diary and event-sampling • Multiple entries • “How did you handle feeling bad?” • Experiment with self-report • “Think of yourself as reporter watching things from a distance. Focus on the facts instead of your feelings.”

  14. 1.5 3 0 Early Emotion Regulation Development • Physiological regulation • Social referencing and parent seeking behavior • Parenting differences including abuse and psychiatric symptomology • Temperament and expressivity differences

  15. 1.5 3 0 Early Emotion Regulation Development • Physiological regulation • Social referencing and parent seeking behavior • Increased distraction and coping • Emotional labeling • Parenting differences including abuse and psychiatric symptomology • Temperament and expressivity differences • Culture and gender • Lesion studies

  16. 1.5 3 0 Early Emotion Regulation Development • Physiological regulation • Social referencing and parent seeking behavior • Increased distraction and coping • Emotional labeling • Enhanced self-referencing • More complex emotions • ToM development • Parenting differences including abuse and psychiatric symptomology • Temperament and expressivity differences • Childcare differences • Maternal psychiatric status • Problem behavior becomes clearer • Culture and gender • Lesion studies

  17. Later Emotion Regulation Development • Can hide emotions • Enhanced use of attentional deployment • Metacognitive awareness of ER improves ~12 ~16 5 • Parenting style • ER and social functioning

  18. ~12 ~16 5 Later Emotion Regulation Development • Can hide emotions • Enhanced use of attentional deployment • Metacognitive awareness of ER improves • Changing social environment • Better EF but also more emotional lability • Reactivity or regulation? ~12 5 • Parenting style • ER and social functioning • Delay ability predicts coping • Anxiety disorders • Expressive writing interventions can help

  19. ~12 ~16 5 Later Emotion Regulation Development • Can hide emotions • Enhanced use of attentional deployment • Metacognitive awareness of ER improves • Changing social environment • Better EF but also more emotional lability • Reactivity or regulation? • Greater independence • Increased use of cognitive regulatory strategies • Mood stabilizes ~12 5 • Parenting style • ER and social functioning • Delay ability predicts coping • Anxiety disorders • Expressive writing interventions can help • Substance use increases • MDD increases

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