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Self-Regulation. Self-Regulation. A control mechanism used by individuals to match behavior to standards or goals. Three Components of Self-Regulation. 1. Goal selection Expectancy-value model. Three Components of Self-Regulation. 2. Preparation for action Gather info Mental rehearsal
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Self-Regulation • A control mechanism used by individuals to match behavior to standards or goals.
Three Components of Self-Regulation 1. Goal selection • Expectancy-value model
Three Components of Self-Regulation 2. Preparation for action • Gather info • Mental rehearsal • Practice
Three Components of Self-Regulation 3. Cybernetic Cycle • Feedback loops Comparator Current state Output function Effect on environment
Two key variables in self-regulation: • Self-focus (aka private self-consciousness)- heightened awareness of self. • Self-efficacy- belief in one’s abilities.
Self-Efficacy & Self-Focus • High self-efficacy: • More self-focus leads to more persistence and better performance. • Low self-efficacy: • More self-focus leads to less persistence and worse performance.
Applications to the Achievement Domain • Defensive pessimism • Helpless vs. Mastery Orientations. • Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
The Spotlight Effect • The tendency to believe that others are paying more attention to us than they actually are. • T-shirt study • Spilled drink study
Self-Regulation Failure • Deindividuation • Alcohol • Choking • Self-destructive behavior