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CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS. CHAPTER 4. Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns
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CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS CHAPTER 4
Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns cell wall of chitin or cellulose or absent 80s rRNA Cellular Characteristics
Prokaryotic Cells • Sizes • Shapes • Arrangement
Fig. 4-16ab Gram–positive Gram–negative Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic membrane Membrane Periplasm Outer membrane (Iipopolysaccharide and protein)
Gram Positive Cell Wall • Gram positive
Fig. 4-16c Peptidoglycan Cytoplasmic membrane TEM of bacterium
Gram Negative Cell Wall • Gram negative
Gram–negative Gram–positive Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Fig. 4-16 Cytoplasmic membrane Membrane Periplasm Outer membrane (Iipopolysaccharide and protein) Outer membrane Cytoplasmic membrane Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Cytoplasmic membrane
Core polysaccharide Protein O–polysaccharide Out Lipid A Lipopoly- saccharide (LPS) Fig. 4-23 Outer membrane 8 nm Cell wall Porin Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Phospholipid Periplasm Lipoprotein Cytoplasmic membrane In
Acid Fast Cell Wall • Acid Fast • Wall deficient Lipid layer penetrated by hydrophobic carbol fuchsin
Cell Structures — Membrane • Plasma membrane
Internal Cell Structures • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes • Nuclear region
Inclusions • Internal Membranes
Fig. 4-39 Vegetative cell Developing spore Germination Sporulating cell Mature spore
Fig. 4-41 Exosporium Spore coat Core wall Cortex DNA
Cell Structures — External • Flagellae
14 nm L Filament P Flagellin Fig. 4-47 MS Hook Outer membrane (LPS) L Ring Rod P Ring Periplasm Peptidoglycan Rod MS Ring Basal body MS Ring C Ring Mot protein Mot protein Fli proteins (motor switch) C Ring Cytoplasmic membrane Mot protein 45 nm
Cell Structures — Axial filaments • Axial Filaments
Cell Structures — Attachment • Pili • Fimbriae
Cell Structures — Glycocalyx • Capsule • Slime Layer
Eukaryotic Cells • Plasma membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus
Eukaryotic Organelles — Mt • Mitochondria
Eukaryotic Organelles — Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic Organelles • Ribosomes • Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles Eukaryotic Organelles
Cytoskeleton and Motility • Cytoskeleton • Flagellae
Motility — Cilia • Cilia
Motility — Cilia • Cilia
Motility — Cilia • Cilia
Motility — Pseudopods • Pseudopodia
Cell Walls Fungal cell wall (chitin) Plant cell wall(cellulose)
Movement Across Membranes • Diffusion
Osmosis • Water movement
Active Transport • Active transport