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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells. Major Cell Types. Prokaryotic – (Bacteria and archaea) cells lack a membrane-bounded nucleus or membrane-bounded organelles. Eukaryotic – cells have a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles. Prokaryotic Characteristics. Strong Cell Wall

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

  2. Major Cell Types Prokaryotic – (Bacteria and archaea) cells lack a membrane-bounded nucleus or membrane-bounded organelles. Eukaryotic – cells have a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles.

  3. Prokaryotic Characteristics • Strong Cell Wall • Rotating Flagella • Simple Interior Organization

  4. Cell Walls • With peptidoglycan • Bacteria • Without peptidoglycan • Archaea • Plants • Fungi • Most protists

  5. Rotating Flagella • Protein fibers • 0, 1 or more • Rotary “motor” uses proton gradient for energy

  6. Simple Internal Organization • No membrane-bound nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • Plasma membrane carries out some “organelle” functions • DNA separation • Folds containing pigments for photosynthesis

  7. Botulism!

  8. Cholera!

  9. Black Death!

  10. Flesh Eating Bacteria!

  11. E. coli!

  12. All caused by . . . Bacteria!

  13. Bacteria Size: 1-1.4 m wide, 2-6 m long Shapes: spherical (coccus) rod-shaped (bacillus) spiral (spirillum)

  14. Bacterial Morphology

  15. Key Bacteria Features • Cell wall – peptidoglycan strengthens • Capsule/slime layer (glycocalyx) • Flagellum – motility appendage • Plasma membrane • Cytoplasm (cytosol) • Ribosomes • Nucleloid • Plasmids • Thylakoids • Sex pili

  16. BacteriaMost bacteria living today “true bacteria.” Strong cell walls containing peptidoglycan (protein cross-linked carbohydrate) Simple gene architecture Photosynthetic - cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Folded plasma membrane Folds contain photosynthetic pigments

  17. Representative Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Cell

  18. Archaea From the Greek for “ancient ones.” Anaerobic (“without air”) Similarities to bacteria  DNA  Lipid cell membrane  Exterior cell wall  Metabolism based on ATP

  19. Archaea Differences from bacteria  Also lobed, plate-shaped or simply irregular  DNA & RNA sequences closer to eukaryotes  Inhabit extreme environments  Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls  Unique lipids in cell membrane  Differences in basic biochemical processes

  20. Eukaryotic Cells Far more complex! BioFlix: Tour Of An Animal Cell BioFlix: Tour Of A Plant Cell

  21. Key Eukaryotic Cell Features • Membrane-bound nucleus • chromosomes • Membrane-bound organelles • Compartmentalization • Cytoskeleton

  22. Review • Identify the major characteristics that distinguish a cell as being prokaryotic.

  23. Review • Define the following key terms related to prokaryotic cells. cytosol nucleoid region capsule slime layer cell wall capsule flagellum plasma membrane cytoplasm (cytosol) ribosomes nucleloid plasmids thylakoids glycocalyx

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