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Comparing Prokaryotic Cells with Eukaryotic Cells

Learn about the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, their characteristics, examples, and unique organelles. Find out how these cells have evolved and their significance in the biological world.

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Comparing Prokaryotic Cells with Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. Comparing Prokaryotic Cells with Eukaryotic Cells • Cells in our world come in two basic types, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. • "Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain. In biology, we use this word root to refer to the nucleus of a cell. • "Pro" means "before," and "eu" means "true," or "good." So "Prokaryotic" means "before a nucleus," and "eukaryotic" means "possessing a true nucleus."

  2. Prokaryotic Cell • Believed to be the first cells to evolve. • No “true” nucleus • Lack a membrane bound nucleus • No membrane bound organelles. • Ribosomes are only organelle.

  3. Prokaryotic Organisms • Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms • The largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast assortment of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. • Kingdom Monera has been SPLIT- Archaebacteria, Eubacteria • Archaebacteria-hot springs, deep ocean vents • Halobacterium, Thermophiles • Eubacteria- everywhere • Examples: Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus

  4. Types of Bacteria Coccus Bacillus Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli (E. coli )

  5. Organelles of Prokaryotic Organisms • Cell Wall • Cytoplasm • Cell Membrane • Ribosomes

  6. Eukaryotic Organism • “True nucleus”; contained in a membrane bound structure. • Membrane bound organelles. • Thought to have evolved from prokaryotic cells.

  7. Eukaryotic Cell • Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. • ALL multicellular organisms contain eukaryotic cells • Kingdoms:Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia • Protista-UNICELLULAR • Examples: Paramecium, Euglena, Amoeba (Yeast-Fungi) • Fungi, Plantae, Animalia-MULTICELLULAR • Examples: Mushroom, Moss, Salmon

  8. Eukaryotic Organelles • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Mitochondrion • Cell Membrane • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosomes • Vacuole • Lysosome • Plants/Fungi • Chloroplast • Cell Wall

  9. Eukaryotic Cells come in ALL shapes & sizes! Red Blood Cells Heart Muscle Cells Brain Cell Human Bone Cells

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