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BRAIN BEHAVIOR

Introduction. Men ought to know that from nothing else but the brain come joy, delights , laughter , and sports and sorrows, grief , despondency and lamentations . And by this , in a special manner, we acquire , wisdom and knowledge , and see and hear and know what are foul and what are fair , what

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BRAIN BEHAVIOR

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    1. BRAIN & BEHAVIOR Radwan Banimustafa MD,MRCPSych. DPM Jordan university 2009

    2. Introduction Men ought to know that from nothing else but the brain come joy, delights , laughter , and sports and sorrows, grief , despondency and lamentations . And by this , in a special manner, we acquire , wisdom and knowledge , and see and hear and know what are foul and what are fair , what are bad and what are good what are sweet and what are unsavory……. And by the same organ we become mad and delirious and fear and terror assail us … All these things we endure from the brain when it is not healthy …. In these ways iam of the opinion that the brain exercises the greatest power in the man . Hippocrates, on the sacred disease ( 4th century B.C.)

    3. Localization of cerebral functions Dysfunction of the frontal lobe: Prefrontal and orbital cortex Personality changes- pseudopsychopathic _,disinhibition, euophoria , facetious humour (orbitofrontal ?). pseudodepressive – apathy, loss of initiative, slowing of thought and motor activity (dorsolateral ) ,inattention, distractability perseveration of actions ,difficulty in programming and planning behavior , urinary incontinence . - Motor and premotor cortex : contralateral spastic paresis , reduced fine motor control , grasp reflex, reduced verbal fluency , impaired spelling , motor Jacksonian and adversive seizures . - Broca’s area (dominant premotor cortex ) – expressive dysphasia .

    4. Continue…. Dysfunction of the parietal lobe : Cortical sensory loss, astereognosis, sensory Jacksonian seizures, disorders of the body schema , sensory inattention , constructional apraxia , dressing apraxia , topographical agnosia, hemisomatognosia , anosognosia . Posterior dominant parietal lobe – Gerstmann’s syndr. Rt-Lt disorientation , finger agnosia ,dyscalculia , dysgraphia .

    5. Continue…. Dysfunction of the temporal lobe : - Auditory functions – impaired auditory sensation verbal (domin) musical (nondomin.) , auditory agnosia . Sensory dysphasia ( Wernicke’s area domin.) Visual functions : prosopognosia visual field defect . Memory : bilateral lesions – global amnesia with normal immediate recall . Unilateral dominant – impaired verbal memory , nondominant – impaired non-verbal memory (spatial ) - Personality/ psychosis – emotional lability , aggressive behavior , reduce sexual activity , Kluver – Bucy Syndrome .

    6. Continue… Dysfunction of the occipital lobes: - Visual impairment – cortical blindness ( bilateral ), contralateral homonymous hemianopia (unilateral), scotoma, visual object agnosia , alexia without agraphia .

    7. Continue…. Dysfunction of the diencephalon & brain stem ( the basal syndrome ) : Korsakoff-type amnesia , hypersomnia , emotional lability . Hypothalamus : plydipsia and polyuria , appetite disturbance , elevation of body temperature .

    8. Some CNS disorders that may cause psychiatric disorders Visual Disorders Herpes Encephalitis Lupus Cerebritis Cerebral Malaria Alcohol Intoxication Multiple Sclerosis Epilepsy Tumors Amphetamine Overdose Stroke Delirium Traumatic Brain Injury Mercury Poisoning Hydrocephalus Neurosyphilis Anoxia AIDS Dementia Antibiotics Alzheimer’s Disease Anti-inflammatory Drugs Parkinson’s Disease Anabolic Steroids Huntington’s Disease Antidepressants

    9. Phineas Gage 25 yrs. American foreman, involved in an accident in 1848 , the rode was 1 m. long and weighs 6 kg. skull hole 9 cm. diam.

    10. Thank you

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