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Digestive System Part 2

Digestive System Part 2. Anatomy 220. Objectives- Part 1. Describe the relative placement of the following structures & how they fit into the food-digestion pathway : Stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine

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Digestive System Part 2

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  1. Digestive SystemPart 2 Anatomy 220

  2. Objectives- Part 1 • Describe the relative placement of the following structures & how they fit into the food-digestion pathway: • Stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine • Describe chemical digestion in the stomach listing the secretions, & describing their sources& their basic role in digestion • Describe how the stomach is protected from these secretions

  3. Objectives- Part 2 • Describe the cause of most peptic ulcers • Describe the composition & role of villi • know the organs and ducts associated with the biliary tree & their contributions to the breakdown of fats, and be able to trace the pathway of bile

  4. Objectives- Part 2 · • ··

  5. Functions • Ingestion • Transport • Digestion • Absorption • Compaction • Elimination

  6. Overview • A hollow tube ~ 25 feet (7.5m) long • Changes shape • Several glands secrete into tube

  7. 4 Layers • From outer to deep: • Serosa (peritoneum) – CT • Muscular layer (2 parts) • Longitudinal layer • Circular layer • Submucosa • Muscosa

  8. Stomach

  9. Gastric Epithelial Cell-types 1 2 3

  10. Why doesn’t stomach digest itself? • Mucous from Mucous cells coats and protects

  11. Peptic Ulcers

  12. Digestion in the stomach • Two types of digestion: • Chemical caused by the 4 different secretions • Physical caused by contraction of muscular layer. Result is churning and mixing of bolus with gastric secretions

  13. What do you think? • Why does the stomach have an extra layer of muscle (the oblique layer) compared to the rest of the GI tract? 

  14. Pyloric Sphincter Location -End of stomach and beginning of duodenum

  15. Small Intestine • About 21 ft. long • Divided into three parts: • Duodenum – 1 ft. • Jejunum – 8 ft. • Ileum – 12 ft.

  16. Small Intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

  17. Small Intestines • Most absorption of _________ occur here

  18. Lining of Small Intestines • Inside lining has circular folds called plicae – increase surface area Plicae

  19. Lining of Small Intestines • Entire surface has microscopic _______ called villi (singular villus) Villus

  20. A Villus • A villus has: • epithelium • arteriole • capillary • venuole • lymph duct • Food goes: • across epithelium • into capillary • into venuole • portal v. • liver

  21. What do you think? • Why is the small intestine so much longer than the stomach?

  22. Duodenum

  23. Duodenum • C-shaped • 1 foot long • Mainly on right superior side • Receives secretions from two glands: • Liver – bile (detergent) • Pancreas – bicarbonate and proteolytic enzymes

  24. Biliary Tree

  25. Biliary Tree

  26. Pancreatic Duct Common Bile Duct PancreaticDuct

  27. Biliary Tree LIVER GALLBLADDER DUODENUM

  28. Biliary Tree LIVER hepatic ducts GALLBLADDER DUODENUM

  29. Biliary Tree LIVER hepatic ducts common hepatic duct GALL BLADDER DUODENUM

  30. Biliary Tree LIVER hepatic ducts cystic duct common hepatic duct GALLBLADDER DUODENUM

  31. Biliary Tree

  32. Biliary Tree LIVER hepatic ducts cystic duct common hepatic duct GALLBLADDER common bile duct DUODENUM

  33. Biliary Tree LIVER hepatic ducts cystic duct common hepatic duct GALLBLADDER common bile duct DUODENUM pancreatic duct PANCREAS

  34. Liver Upper Right Quadrant

  35. Liver

  36. Liver

  37. Gallstones

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