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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. What is Cognitive Psychology? Where did it come from? What is Cognitive Psychology about now?. What is Cognitive Psychology?. Scientific study of cognition

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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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  1. Introduction to Cognitive Psychology • What is Cognitive Psychology? • Where did it come from? • What is Cognitive Psychology about now?

  2. What is Cognitive Psychology? • Scientific study of cognition • Cognition: mental processes including perception, attention, memory, thinking, problem-solving, and language

  3. Some Questions About Cognition • How did a glass slide lead to a Nobel Prize? • Why can you hear your name across a noisy room? • What would happen if you couldn’t store new information in long-term memory?

  4. More Questions... • Can someone be abused as a child and not remember it until decades later? • What do fire, women, and dangerous things have in common? • Why do men and women have trouble communicating with each other?

  5. Some Claims About Cognition • The Scientific Method is the best way to study how the mind works. • The mind can be thought of as an information processor. • The way we process information is influenced by context and experience.

  6. The Cognitive Revolution • Success of The Scientific Method • Donders (1868) - mental chronometry • Wundt (1879) - structuralism

  7. Donders - Subtractive Method Simple Reaction Time - time it takes to press button in response to light Choice Reaction Time - time it takes to press one of two buttons after deciding which light went on Decision Time = Choice RT - Simple RT

  8. Early Memory Research • Ebbinghaus (1913) - memorizing nonsense syllables • Bartlett (1932) - memory of stories Ebbinghaus

  9. Influence of Behaviorism • Watson (1912) - the mind cannot be studied with science • Skinner (1957) - explains language in Verbal Behavior

  10. Problems for Behaviorism • Tolman (1932): Cognitive maps in rats • Breland and Breland (1938): Instinctual behavior • Chomsky (1959): • review of Skinner’s book • performance - competence distinction

  11. Where is Cognitive Psychology Now? • Information processing approach • Based on behavioral observations • Cognitive neuroscience • Evolutionary psychology • Cognitive science

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