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KCP Lecture 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. Prof.dr. Jaap Murre University of Maastricht University of Amsterdam jaap@murre.com http://www.neuromod.org. Overview. What is cognitive science? Brief introduction to neuroanatomy Methods in cognitive neuroscience
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KCP Lecture 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Prof.dr. Jaap Murre University of Maastricht University of Amsterdam jaap@murre.com http://www.neuromod.org
Overview • What is cognitive science? • Brief introduction to neuroanatomy • Methods in cognitive neuroscience • Example: Brain reading
What is Cognitive Science? • Part of artificial intelligence that is concerned with human cognition • Nowadays (since 1990s) also includes: cognitive neuroscience
Computational neuroscience Experimental psychology Neuropsychology Cognitive architectures and frameworks Neural networks Linguistics and psycholinguistics Computer linguistics Phonetics Philosophy Logic Machine learning Research fields
Intelligent systems Robotics Natural language interfaces Automatic speech perception and synthesis Pattern recognition Data mining Ergonomics User interfaces and usability Behavioral finance Graphics, sound, and virtual reality Fields of application
Very brief review of neuroanatomy Localization in the brain Names, structures, etc.
Neuroanatomical location • Medial versus lateral • Dorsal versus ventral • Rostral versus caudal
Bumps and cracks • Gyri are bumps • Sulci are small cracks • Fissures are large cracks
Frontal cortex • Relatively largest in humans • Subdivisions
Medial view • Hippocampal system (important in memory)
Structural methods • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • Computed tomography (CT) • Angiogram (blood vessel X-ray) • (Postmortem) dissection • (Postmortem) microscopy • (Postmortem) staining, including retrograde tracers
Models: and intermediary between theory and experiment • Make hidden assumptions explicit • Provide a focus for data abstraction and discussion • Integrate assumptions and highlight inconsistencies • Enable generation of very detailed experimental hypotheses
Functional methods • Single-cell and multi-cell recording • Electrical stimulation • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) • Electro-encephalogram (EEG) • Magnetic encephalogram (MEG) • functional MRI (fMRI) • Positron emission tomography (PET) • Lesion studies
Freedman et al. (2001) • Many single cell recordings in monkey • Trying to find categories in the brain
Voxels that respond to faces, also respond to houses and other categories