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Large Force Standards and Dissemination by using Build-up System

Large Force Standards and Dissemination by using Build-up System. Force and Torque Metrology for the Sustainable Development In South American Industries Dr. Dae-Im Kang, TC-3 Chairman. Contents. Introduction Deadweight and hydraulic force standard machines Build-up system

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Large Force Standards and Dissemination by using Build-up System

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  1. Large Force Standards and Dissemination by using Build-up System Force and Torque Metrology for the Sustainable Development In South American Industries Dr. Dae-Im Kang, TC-3 Chairman

  2. Contents • Introduction • Deadweight and hydraulic force standard machines • Build-up system • Build-up force standard machine • Large force dissemination by using build-up system • Summary

  3. Agriculture Forestry Stockbreeding Food industry Textile industry Iron industry Automobile industry Aircraft industry Mining Industry (Iron, Aluminum) 30 % of GDP 30 % of GDP Industries in South America • General Index in Economic Conditions(2004) • Industrial Structure

  4. Needs of Large Force in South America • High economic growth • 1st industries  2nd industries • Increase of high technology industries • Increase of heavy industries • Needs of accurate measurement • Needs of high capacity measurement

  5. Deadweight Force Standard Machines KRISS 500 kN DFSM PTB 2 MN DFSM KRISS 100 kN DFSM

  6. Force measuring device under calibration Loading frame : Force : mass of weight : local gravitational acceleration Deadweights : density of air : density of deadweight Force by gravitational field (g) Deadweight Force Standards (1)

  7. Deadweight Force Standards (2) • Most accurate force standard machine (2x10-5) • High cost and size for large force • Deadweight force standard machines in the world • 4 MN : NIST(USA) • 2 MN : PTB(Germany) • 1 MN : PTB(Germany), NPL(UK), IMGC(Italy), NIM(China) … • 500 kN : KRISS(Korea), NMIJ(Japan), NMIA(Australia), LNE(France), CEM(Spain) …

  8. Hydraulic Force Standard Machines PTB 16.5 MN HFSM KRISS 2 MN HFSM

  9. Measuring system (pressure balance) Force transducer working system Leakage Oil Unsealed Control system m Hydraulic Force Standards (1)

  10. Hydraulic Force Standards (2) • Amplification of force (Q) by hydraulic system • Amplification factor : 200 ~ 1000 • Relative Uncertainty : 1x10-4 • Possibility of large force standards • Complex technology and still high cost • Hydraulic force standard machines in the world • 20 MN : NMIJ(Japan), NIM(China) • 16.5 MN : PTB(Germany) • 5 MN : PTB(Germany) • 2 MN : KRISS(Korea)

  11. Economic Way for Large Force Deadweight Force Standards Hydraulic Force Standards High cost and complex technique High cost and size Needs of more economic and effective way to generate large force

  12. F Load button Middle platen Base platen y 120o FT B FT C x 120o FT A Build-up Force Measuring System • Three equal force transducers loaded in parallel  Force measurement capability increased to three times • Calibration of each force transducer in a deadweight or a hydraulic force machines  Evaluation of the build-up system • Used in combination the output have to be added or averaged Force transducer

  13. Upper compression head Force measuring device to be calibrated Ram O-ring Build-up system Column Cylinder Oil Pressure sensor Motor Pump Build-up Force Standards (1)

  14. Build-up Force Standards (2) • Force comparator with the reference of build-up force measuring system • Easy way to reach large force • Relative uncertainty : 2x10-4 • Build-up force standard machines in the world • 30 MN : NPL(UK) • 10 MN : KRISS(Korea) • 9 MN : LNE(France)

  15. 10 MN Build-up FSM in KRISS

  16. Uncertainty of Build-up FSM • Uncertainty of the build-up system (%) • Repeatability  0.00298 • Resolution  0.00005 • Interpolation  0.00007 • Zero recovery  0.00088 • Temperature variation  0.00012 • Creep  0.00277 • Long term sensitivity drift  0.00289 • Reference force  0.005 • Combines uncertainty : 0.00712 • Uncertainty due to servo control (%) • Repeatability  0.00048 • Deviation from target value  0.00025 • Resolution  0.00004 • Combined uncertainty : 0.00054 • Expanded uncertainty of build-up FSM (%) • 0.01428  Declination of 0.02 %

  17. Comparison with 2 MN Hydraulic FSM Relative deviation < 0.005 %

  18. Large Force in Industries, Korea • Increase of heavy industries  Needs of larger force • Needs for evaluation of mechanical components such as pot bearings  Testing machines with capacities greater than 10 MN • 15 testing machines in Korea 30 MN Pot-bearing Testing Machine

  19. Large Force Dissemination using B.U. 10 MN Build-up Force Standard Machine Calibration of 10 MN Force Transducer Establishment of 30 MN Build-up system Dissemination of large force up to 30 MN 30 MN Build-up system

  20. Summary • Build-up system • Parallel combination of force transducers • Capability of large force measurement • Build-up force standard machine • Force comparator with the reference force from build-up system • Easy and economic way to establish large force standards • Large force dissemination by using build-up system • Large force up to 3 times of the force standards

  21. Thank you for your attention!

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