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Questions to Consider

FDR & THE NEW DEAL. Questions to Consider. (1) Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression? Liberal or conservative? Analyze. Whose problems were addressed? The most? The least?

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Questions to Consider

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  1. FDR & THE NEW DEAL Questions to Consider • (1) Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? • What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression? Liberal or conservative? Analyze. • Whose problems were addressed? The most? The least? • Who were the critics of the New Deal? Were their concerns justified? • What effects did the New Deal have on the U.S.? Short term? Long term?

  2. The Man With the Master Plan? FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT Childhood/Education Big Bucks, The Pony, Dresses, Oh Mom!, Tutors, 7th String, “C”, The Crimson, Law Marriage My Cousin, OK?, I Love Lucy, Six-Pack Early Political Career “Progressing” from NY to the Sea to NY Disability Campobello Island and Polio Personality Charming, Persuasive, Caring, Witty, Optimistic

  3. Time For a Change! ELECTION OF 1932 Play Safe With Hoover “Vote for Roosevelt and make it unanimous.” Unknown (1932) 40 % POPULARVOTES 59 ELECTORAL VOTES Hoover (R) Happy Days Are Here Again “I pledge… a new deal for the American people.” FDR (1932) 57 % POPULARVOTES 472 ELECTORAL VOTES Roosevelt (D)

  4. Formulating a Plan OR Ideas Galore? THE BRAIN TRUST The Eyes The Cabinet Intellectuals Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor Eleanor Roosevelt

  5. FDR vs. Historical Analysis THE NEW DEAL Experimentation FDR encouraged “…persistent, bold experimentation.” Contradiction EXAMPLE: Balanced Budget vs. Deficit Spending General Philosophy Expand the role of the federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past which had led to the current depression. Relief, Recovery, and Reform Categories developed by historians. It is common sense to take a method and try it; if it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something” - FDR (1932)

  6. The Car Accident Analogy (Heiser) RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM

  7. March 4, 1933 FDR’s 1ST INAUGURAL ADDRESS “…First of all, let me assert my firm belief that THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF – nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” “Our greatest primary task is to put people to work” Identifies the problems and solutions (vague) for unemployment, low crop prices, foreclosures, speculation, bank failures, world trade (2nd), government costs, etc. “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and prosper.” 100,000+

  8. March 9 to June 16, 1933 THE HUNDRED DAYS ALPHABET SOUP Emergency Banking Relief Act CCC AAA FERA TVA FSA FDIC NRA PWA

  9. Restoring Confidence BANKING Bank Holiday Closed for 4 Days! Emergency Banking Act (1933) (also known as Glass-Steagall Banking Act) Treasury License, Increased Regulation Separates deposit vs. investment banking Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured deposits up to $5,000 Fireside Chats To build trust

  10. Unemployment Relief CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS 500,000 in 1935 3 million from 1933-1942

  11. To the States and Cities FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT $500 million Harry Hopkins Administrator

  12. Addressing an Impoverished Region TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

  13. Seeking Parity in Prices AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT Production Cuts Result In Subsidies Paid by Government UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

  14. Industrial Cooperation NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION CODES Fair Competition Production Limits Wages Working Conditions UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

  15. More Unemployment Relief PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION $3.3 billion

  16. Avoiding Another Crash THE STOCK MARKET Federal Securities Act Honest Reporting of Stock Information Curbing Stock Bought on Credit Limiting “Buying on Margin” Securities and Exchange Commission (1934)* To oversee the Stock Market

  17. A Second Hundred Days (1935) 2nd NEW DEAL NLRA (Wagner Act) WPA Aid for Farmers Social Security

  18. Work NOT Handouts WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION 8 million jobs for almost everyone! Public Works (roads, bridges, schools, hospitals) Federal Writers Project Federal Theatre Project Federal Arts Project $11 billion into the economy

  19. Small Farmers, Sharecroppers, Migrants HELP FOR FARMERS Resettlement Administration Loans to buy their own farms Rural Electrification Administration Loans to utility companies 40% electrified by 1941

  20. Government Support of Labor RIGHTS FOR LABOR National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Collective-Bargaining Closed Shops OK! No Spying or Blacklisting National Labor Relations Board Fair Labor Standards Act No Child Labor Minimum Wage ($0.40/hour) 40-Hour Week

  21. Federal Responsibility for Social Welfare SOCIAL SECURITY Social Security Act (1935) Old-Age Pensions for Workers Unemployment Insurance Aid for Single Mothers and the Disabled

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