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Models of Science: An Overview

Models of Science: An Overview. Andrea Scharnhorst Katy Börner Workshop on “Modelling Science” October 6-9, 2009 Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Mathematical Approaches. Process characteristics of Stochastic processes Distributions, Growth

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Models of Science: An Overview

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  1. Models of Science: An Overview Andrea Scharnhorst Katy Börner Workshop on “Modelling Science” October 6-9, 2009 Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  2. Mathematical Approaches Process characteristics of Stochastic processes Distributions, Growth Lotka, Price, Egghe/Rousseau Glänzel/Schubert, Rogers…. Agents interactions Agent-rule based modelling Growth Distributions Gilbert, Grim, Kutcher, … Group interactions Populations dynamics models (stochastic) Growth Competition Goffman, Yablonsky, Bruckner et al. ,… Process interactions System dynamics Growth Competition Sterman Agents interactions Social network analysis Structure versus performance ….. Agents interactions Complex network models Evolving structures Barabasi, Newman, Fronczak ….. …..

  3. PR^2: Which type of models do you use (mathematical approach)?

  4. Mathematical Approaches: Origins and Prevalence Network Epidemic Agent-based Stochastic # publications 1940 1948 1990 1954 1970 2000 1967

  5. APPLICATION ORIGIN

  6. Science of Science Conceptualization(s) Identify and define major terms and concepts. Describe science studies/ models in a uniform, replicable way. See Special Issue of Journal ofInformetrics, 3(3), 2009. for a first attempt. Editorial is available at http://ivl.slis.indiana.edu/km/pub/2009-borner-scharnhorst-joi-sos-intro.pdf

  7. Toward a Model Type Taxonomy: PR^2s Which phenomena/question/effect does your model describe? • Phenomena Which type of models do you use? Where these models used otherwise, what is their disciplinary origin? • Type of models / class of models What are the building blocks of your model? What are the main entities/subjects/objects? Which kinds of interaction does the model cover? • Operationalization How you would characterize your model: as a thought experiment, as an explanation for a measured effect, ... • Epistemic purpose How did you validate your model? (Common sense, theoretical insights, observations, data) • Validation approach Which visualization you used in the analysis of the phenomena AND the presentation of your model results? • Visualization

  8. Example: Modeled Phenomena/Question/Effect Communication Text Actors Price Goffman authors institutions countries words journals references … Disciplinary profiles Performance Impact (…..) International collaboration (…..) Productivity (Lotka) Coauthorship (…..) Bibliographic coupling Citation networks Co-citation networks (Marshokova, Small/Griffith) Co-word maps Semantic maps (Callon, Rip, White) Citation environments of journals (Leydesdorff) Maps of science (Boyack, Börner, Klavans; Leydesdorff, Rafols) Keyplayers, evaluation Biographies, keyplayer, Individualvsgroupdynamics What is a topic? What is a paradigm? What are the hot areas and research fronts? What are the knowledge flows? Core and periphery of knowledge exchange in a globalizedeconomy What are fields and disciplines?

  9. Scholarly Marketplaces / Inventories of Science Studies/Models http://dev.epic.slis.indiana.edu

  10. The Quest for a Science Models Inventory Please download and complete xlsformlinkedfrom http://sci.slis.indiana.edu/amsterdam.xls Everymorning, we willgeneratenewnetworksfrom • Co-author • Author-model • Author-insitution • Author-software • Author-data.

  11. THANK YOU!

  12. The perspective of scale, time and “specimen” Macro Meso Micro Arrow of time

  13. … and manyotherperspectives Substrates Visualizations Data bases Software tools

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