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A Double, 480 GeV, Fast Cycling Proton Accelerator for Production of Neutrino Beams at Fermilab

A Double, 480 GeV, Fast Cycling Proton Accelerator for Production of Neutrino Beams at Fermilab. Outline Motivation Physics potential of long-baseline neutrino experiments Possible detector sites for Fermilab long-baseline neutrino beams Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex

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A Double, 480 GeV, Fast Cycling Proton Accelerator for Production of Neutrino Beams at Fermilab

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  1. A Double, 480 GeV, Fast Cycling Proton Accelerator for Production of Neutrino Beams at Fermilab Outline Motivation Physics potential of long-baseline neutrino experiments Possible detector sites for Fermilab long-baseline neutrino beams Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex Magnets for fast cycling DSF-MR accelerator Power supply system for DSF-MR Neutrino production beam lines Projected cost and timeline Summary and conclusions More details in: Fermilab Note TM-2381-AD-TD http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/Nu-factory/DSF-MR.doc I would like to acknowledge invaluable contributions of: Steven L. Hays, Yuenian Huang, Vadim Kashikhin, Gijs de Rijk and Lucio Rossi as well as helpful discussions with Sacha Kopp and Bob Zwaska

  2. Motivation • Startup of LHC in 2008 brings end to the Tevatron • ILC with its primary motivation to study Higgs must wait for Higgs discovery to determine necessary mass reach • It is likely to take few years for LHC to confirm or deny existence of SM Higgs (M Higgs < 0.8 TeV) • The US high-energy physics community must have an intermediate, high-profile, accelerator-based program • Intermediate program should be of moderate cost, so not to affect potential ILC construction in the future • Long-baseline neutrino oscillation search experiments may match the requirement of a high-profile physics at a moderate cost Steering Group meeting

  3. Physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments • As limits on ∆ m(να,νβ) get smaller the baseline, L, must be increased as: P(να->νβ) ~ ∆ m(να,νβ) x L x 1/Eν • At current longest baselines (750 km, or so), the interpretation of results is uncertain due to 8-fold degeneracy of theory parameters • It has been shown recently that there exist baseline at which parameter degeneracy is suppressed, and e.g. angle Θ (νµ->νe) will be directly measured. This “magic” baseline depends only on matter density: L magic = 32726 / ρ [g/cm3] => ~ 7250 km for ρ = 4.3 g/cm3of Earth’s density profile • In addition, a combination of results at ~7500 km and ~3000 km allows to increase parameters sensitivity by > 3 order of magnitude (Peter Huber and Walter Winter, MTP-PhT/2003-05) Steering Group meeting

  4. Long baseline neutrino detector sites considered for CERN neutrino beams • Magic baseline INO – Indian Neutrino Observatory, 2 sites considered: 1. Ramman, N 27.4, E 88.1 2. Pushep, N 11.5, E 76.6 Distance to CERN for both ~ 7125 km INO is a serious, well documented proposal of 2006 ! • The “~3000 km” baseline - Santa Cruz (Canary Islands, Spain), 2750 km - Longyearbyen (Iceland, Norway), 3590 km - Pyhaesalami (Finland), 1995 km Steering Group meeting

  5. Potential detector sites for 7500 km baseline from Fermilab • Only in Europe (excluding permafrost region of Chukotka), - e.g. Gran Sasso in Italy: ~750 km from CERN, and ~ 7500 km from Fermilab Steering Group meeting

  6. Potential detector site at ~ 3000 km • The ~ 3000 km baseline must be found within US • Mount Whitney: peak 4348 m, prominence ~ 3000 m, granite, non-seismic. At its foothill – city of Loan Pine, CA 93545 (airport, golf, hotels) => seems to be a perfect site for a neutrino detector at 2700 km away from FNAL Baseline from FNAL to Loan Pine Sierra Nevada Mountain Ridge with MT Whitney (center) Steering Group meeting

  7. Potential detector site at ~ 1500 km, and possible use of MINOS and Nova • Henderson, Co (39.29N, 104.865W), ~ 1500 km from Fermilab • Mount Harrison, mostly granite, 3968 m (prominence 1550 m) • Existing mine considered for the Underground Neutrino Observatory The MINOS experiment (735 km) and Nova (810 km) would also greatly benefit from the multi-fold increased neutrino beam intensity with DSF-MR !!! Steering Group meeting

  8. Proton and neutrino beams energy • The beam power at the neutrino production target is directly proportional to the proton energy • With the increase of proton energy using higher energy neutrinos may be advantageous as shown below Steering Group meeting

  9. Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex • Install two, 480 GeV, fast cycling accelerator rings in MR tunnel • The 4-fold energy increase and stacking 2 MI beams in DSF-MR give 8-fold increase in beam power on neutrino production target • Extract proton beams onto up to 5 neutrino production targets to produce interchangeably neutrino beams to detectors in Europe, Mt Whitney, Mt Harrison, Noνa and Minos in US Steering Group meeting

  10. Operation & timing sequence for DSF-MR beams • LINAC and Main Injector will be “recharged” every second, and SF-MR1 and SF-MR2 will receive beam every 2 seconds Steering Group meeting

  11. Beam power on target with DSF-MR This BNL H- source (Jim Alessi) has been successfully operating for more than 2 decades. Steering Group meeting

  12. Sizing the detectors Detector size is scaled relative to the data flow at MINOS (…) with BNL H- source Steering Group meeting

  13. DSF-MR magnets The DSF-MR accelerator main arc magnet is a combined function dipole: - Window frame laminated, Fe3%Si core offers high quality B-field at full 2 Tesla range, high mechanical stability, and a simple (cheap) assembly work - A superconducting transmission line powers the entire accelerator magnet string producing a 2 Tesla field in a 40 mm gap with 87 kA current in the conductor - There is only one power supply and one set of current leads per accelerator ring - Cryogenic support per accelerator ring is expected at (10-20) % of the Tevatron level - 3 papers on DSF-MR/SF-SPS magnet, power supply and current leads will be presented at MT21, Philadelphia, August 27-30, 2007 ¼ of magnet core Steering Group meeting

  14. DSF-MR magnets • We base the DSF-MR magnet list on the SF-SPS *) preliminary design (same circumference and beam energy): *) http://tdserver1.gnal.gov/project/Nu-factory/Lumi-06-paper.doc Steering Group meeting

  15. DSF-MR power systems • - Each DSF-MR accelerator ring supply ramps out of phase allowing to share • common harmonic filter and feeder systems • Each supply will be +/- 2 kV ramping supply at 100 kA and 198 MVA • Existing Tevatron power transformers can be reconfigured to support DSF-MR Steering Group meeting

  16. DSF-MR power systems • The DSF-MR power supply design is based on the MI supply. A ¼ of the proposed DSF-MR power supply is shown below: Steering Group meeting

  17. Neutrino production lines Sketch of neutrino production lines for 1500, 2700 and 7500 km long baselines. Steering Group meeting

  18. Neutrino production lines • The strong descent of the proton lines to the production targets is a significant civil engineering challenge. Most of the beam path (~1000 m), however, is a decay tube for π/K -> µ + ν . • With 420 descending angle the neutrino target will have to be at a depth of ~ 700 m. For comparison the Soudan detector is at ~ 700 m below the surface. • The Tevatron magnets may be used to construct some parts of the transfer lines from DSF-MR to neutrino production targets All neutrino beam lines will fit inside the FNAL proper. Steering Group meeting

  19. Cost estimate Cost of three 1000 m long neutrino production lines is estimated at ~ $M 225: - $M 150 (42 deg.) - $M 50 (15 deg.) - $M 25 (7 deg.) Total cost: ~ $M 525 Contigency 33%: ~ $M 175 Grand total: ~ $M 700 Outline of Magnet & Power Supply R&D and cost estimate is given in: http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/Nu-factory/LARP-FSM-cost.doc and in: http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/Nu-factory/Cost-ps-slh-v2.xls Magnet & Power Supply R&D estimated at $ 0.6 M over 2 years !! Steering Group meeting

  20. Timeline Steering Group meeting

  21. Summary & Conclusions • DSF-MR accelerator will: - open new opportunity to probe particle mass scales well beyond the SM with neutrino mass reach up to ~ 0.00005 eV - utilize and preserve the potential of Fermilab as a major US/World HEP Institution for the next 2 decades, or so • The DSF-MR can also serve as: (1) Neutrino fixed target experiments (e.g. Janet Conrad’s νµ scattering) (2) 480 GeV proton source for the ILC detector tests (3) 6 GeV Electron Damping Ring for ILC tests ( only in desperation – with 2 Tesla DSF-MR magnets a ring of ~200 m circumference will do it) • The cost of the DSF-MR is about the same as that of the 8 GeV HINS, and with 3 new neutrino beam lines it is at ~ 10 % level of the ILC, so it will not impede the ILC, or any other next large-scale HEP project in US Steering Group meeting

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