20 th Century A rchitecture

1. 20 th Century Architecture

2. Frank Lloyd Wright • Believed designs should blend with their surroundings • Should reinforce democratic ideals and freedom of movement • Fireplace is the traditional center of the home

3. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907–1909. • Surrounding landscape should more beautiful that it was originally • Frederick C. Robie’s house

4. Frederick C. Robie’s house • Uninterrupted spaces, stained glass windows with modern designs. • Architecture should reinforce concepts of democracy and freedom of movement. • Windows unobstructed views. • Focal point is the hearth

5. Frank Lloyd Wright • The roofs extend as overhangs on the side of the house – cantilevered construction • Cantilevers – beams that jut out and are anchored only at one side (David Smith –Cubi) • Wright’s designs blend with the surroundings – Chicago (this part was prairie land) therefore the long, low and flat design • “prairie style” Robie house is part of the campus of the Univ of Chicago

6. Kaufmann House • Edgar Kaufmann wealthy department store owner • Asked Wright to design a house over a waterfall that was on his property. • Designed the home over the waterfall • Fallingwater in Bear Run, Pennsylvania FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Kaufmann House (Fallingwater), Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936–1939.

7. Kaufmann House • Wright wanted the house to blend organically with its environment • Living room made from onsite stones • The hearth is center • Staircase extends from upper floors all the way down to the stream • The house became an icon of Modernist architecture

8. De Stijl - International Style • Avantgarde architectural movement. • Gerrit Thomas Rietveld’s – “Schroder House” • Flat, rectangular planes, and straight lines. • Looks like a Mondrian painting • Rietveld’s belief that architecture can be reduced to basic geometric shapes and colors. GERRIT THOMAS RIETVELD, Schröder House, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 1924.

9. The Bauhaus • A school of design in Germany dedicated to teaching the International Style • Founder – Walter Gropius, his idea was to unite fine and applied arts in a new architecture. • Students would learn design and building, but also creating art • Omitted architectural history – stifle creativity.

10. The Bauhaus • “The Shop Block” • Built from basic materials - glass steel and concrete. • No ornamentation • Resembled a glass box • Straight lines, right angles and flat roofs.